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      Predation Cues in Solitary bee Nests

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          Abstract

          Predation at the nesting site can significantly affect solitary bees’ reproductive success. We tested female red mason bees’ ( Osmia bicornis L.) acceptance of potential nesting sites, some of which were marked with cues coming from predated conspecifics (crushed bees) or from a predator itself (rodent excreta). In our experiment, females did not avoid nests marked with either of the two predator cues. We suggest that bee females do not recognize these two cues as risky. Alternatively, costs of abandoning natal aggregation might be too high compared with any perceived predation risk of staying. Moreover, the presence of crushed bees can provide positive information about the presence of conspecifics and, possibly, information about a nesting aggregation that may be preferred by bees when choosing a nesting site.

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          Most cited references32

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          Foraging ranges of solitary bees

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            The Bees of the World

            In this extensive update of his definitive reference, Charles D. Michener reveals a diverse fauna that numbers more than 17,000 species and ranges from the common honeybee to rare bees that feed on the pollen of a single type of plant. With many new facts, reclassifications, and revisions, the second edition of The Bees of the World provides the most comprehensive treatment of the 1,200 genera and subgenera of the Apiformes. Included are hundreds of updated citations to work published since the appearance of the first edition and a new set of plates of fossil bees. The book begins with extensive introductory sections that include bee evolution, classification of the various bee families, the coevolution of bees and flowering plants, nesting behavior, differences between solitary and social bees, and the anatomy of these amazing insects. Drawing on modern studies and evidence from the fossil record, Michener reveals what the ancestral bee—the protobee—might have looked like. He also cites the major literature on bee biology and describes the need for further research on the systematics and natural history of bees, including their importance as pollinators of crops and natural vegetation. The greater part of the work consists of an unprecedented treatment of bee systematics, with keys for identification to the subgenus level. For each genus and subgenus, Michener includes a brief natural history describing geographical range, number of species, and noteworthy information pertaining to nesting or floral biology. The book is beautifully illustrated with more than 500 drawings and photographs that depict behavior, detailed morphology, and ecology. Accented with color plates of select bees, The Bees of the World will continue to be the world's best reference on these diverse insects.
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              Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication

              Vervet monkeys give different alarm calls to different predators. Recordings of the alarms played back when predators were absent caused the monkeys to run into trees for leopard alarms, look up for eagle alarms, and look down for snake alarms. Adults call primarily to leopards, martial eagles, and pythons, but infants give leopard alarms to various mammals, eagle alarms to many birds, and snake alarms to various snakelike objects. Predator classification improves with age and experience.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +48-12-664-51-26 , justyna.kierat@doctoral.uj.edu.pl
                Journal
                J Insect Behav
                J Insect Behav
                Journal of Insect Behavior
                Springer US (New York )
                0892-7553
                24 June 2017
                24 June 2017
                2017
                : 30
                : 4
                : 385-393
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2162 9631, GRID grid.5522.0, Institute of Environmental Sciences, , Jagiellonian University, ; Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2150 7124, GRID grid.410701.3, Department of Pomology and Apiculture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, , University of Agriculture in Kraków, ; Al. 29. Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-095X
                Article
                9626
                10.1007/s10905-017-9626-0
                5537383
                d0db5bda-e82f-423e-a0ae-da9ae915c15a
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 13 June 2017
                : 19 June 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004281, Narodowe Centrum Nauki;
                Award ID: DEC-2013/11/N/NZ8/00930
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007088, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie;
                Award ID: DS/WBINOZ/INOŚ/761/14-16
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017

                Entomology
                nesting,osmia bicornis,predation,red mason bee,risk cues,solitary bees,rodents
                Entomology
                nesting, osmia bicornis, predation, red mason bee, risk cues, solitary bees, rodents

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