An Industrial Procedure for Pharmacodynamic Improvement of Metformin HCl via Granulation with Its Paracellular Pathway Enhancer Using Factorial Experimental Design

Abstract

Background

Sorbitan monostearate is a surfactant used in the food industry. It was proved as a penetration enhancer to metformin HCl via a paracellular pathway. It is solid at room temperature and has a low melting point. Therefore, it was selected, as a granulating agent for metformin HCl.

Methods

Multi-level factorial design was applied to determine the optimized formula for industrial processing. The selected formulations were scanned using an electron microscope. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to ascertain the crystalline state of a drug. A modified non-everted sac technique, suggested by the authors, was used to evaluate the in vitro permeation enhancement of the drug. To simulate the emulsification effect of the bile salt, a tween 80 was added to the perfusion solution. As a pharmacodynamic marker, blood glucose levels were measured in diabetic rats.

Results

The results showed that drug permeability increases in the presence of tween 80. Drug permeability from granules increased than that of the pure drug or pure drug with tween 80. The prepared granules decreased blood glucose levels of diabetic rats than the pure drug and drug plus tween 80. There was an excellent correlation between the results of the drug permeation percent in vitro and the dropping of blood glucose level percent in vivo.

Conclusion

Improving the drug permeation and consequently, the drug pharmacodynamic effect in addition to an excellent micromeritics property of the prepared drug granules showed the dual enhancement effect of the suggested industrial procedure. Therefore, we suggest the same industrial procedure for other class III drugs.

Graphical Abstract