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      Preclinical characterization of 1-7F9, a novel human anti-KIR receptor therapeutic antibody that augments natural killer-mediated killing of tumor cells.

      Blood
      Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, pharmacology, therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Agents, Cells, Cultured, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, drug effects, Humans, Immunotherapy, methods, Killer Cells, Natural, immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred NOD, Mice, SCID, Mice, Transgenic, Neoplasms, pathology, therapy, Receptors, KIR, antagonists & inhibitors, Receptors, KIR2DL1, chemistry, genetics, Receptors, KIR2DL2, Receptors, KIR2DL3, Up-Regulation

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          Abstract

          Inhibitory-cell killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing of HLA class I-expressing tumors. Lack of KIR-HLA class I interactions has been associated with potent NK-mediated antitumor efficacy and increased survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients upon haploidentical stem cell transplantation from KIR-mismatched donors. To exploit this pathway pharmacologically, we generated a fully human monoclonal antibody, 1-7F9, which cross-reacts with KIR2DL1, -2, and -3 receptors, and prevents their inhibitory signaling. The 1-7F9 monoclonal antibody augmented NK cell-mediated lysis of HLA-C-expressing tumor cells, including autologous AML blasts, but did not induce killing of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting a therapeutic window for preferential enhancement of NK-cell cytotoxicity against malignant target cells. Administration of 1-7F9 to KIR2DL3-transgenic mice resulted in dose-dependent rejection of HLA-Cw3-positive target cells. In an immunodeficient mouse model in which inoculation of human NK cells alone was unable to protect against lethal, autologous AML, preadministration of 1-7F9 resulted in long-term survival. These data show that 1-7F9 confers specific, stable blockade of KIR, boosting NK-mediated killing of HLA-matched AML blasts in vitro and in vivo, providing a preclinical basis for initiating phase 1 clinical trials with this candidate therapeutic antibody.

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