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      Métastase splénique d'un adénocarcinome colique - à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature Translated title: Splenic metastasis from colonic adenocarcinoma - about a case and literature review

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          Abstract

          L'atteinte métastatique de la rate est rare et exceptionnellement isolée. En effet, elle survient généralement dans le cadre d'une atteinte multi viscérale. Les cancers les plus pourvoyeurs de métastase splénique sont les mélanomes, les carcinomes de l'ovaire, du sein et du poumon. Dans le cancer colique, l'atteinte métastatique isolée de la rate est rare, dix cas seulement ont été décrits dans la littérature jusque-là. À travers cette revue, nous décrivons un nouveau cas présentant un adénocarcinome colique avec métastase splénique métachrone, tout en discutant les aspects cliniques et les différentes approches thérapeutiques décrites dans la littérature. Nous rapportons un nouveau cas d'un patient âgé de 46ans ayant un adénocarcinome colique traité, et qui a présenté 5 ans plus tard une métastase splénique de découverte fortuite lors d'un bilan radiologique de surveillance, pour laquelle le patient a bénéficié d'une splénectomie suivie d'une chimiothérapie systémique avec une bonne évolution. Les métastases spléniques isolées des tumeurs solides sont rares, et leur diagnostic est souvent de découverte fortuite. La splénectomie totale est un moyen efficace de faire le diagnostic définitif de ces métastases et de les traiter afin de prévenir les complications et d'améliorer la survie.

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          Clinical determinants of survival in patients with 5-fluorouracil-based treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a multivariate analysis of 3825 patients.

          Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are usually offered systemic chemotherapy as palliative treatment. A multivariate analysis was performed in order to identify predictors and their constellation that allow a valid prediction of the outcome in patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy. A total of 3825 patients treated with 5-FU within 19 prospective randomised and three phase II trials were separated into learning (n = 2549) and validation (n = 1276) samples. Data were analysed by tree analysis using the recursive partition and amalgamation method (RECPAM). A predictor could only enter the RECPAM analysis if the number of patients with missing values was or = 400 x 10(9)/l, alkaline phosphatase > or = 300 U/l, white blood cell (WBC) count > or = 10 x 10(9)/l and haemoglobin 1, WBC count or = 300 U/l or patients with ECOG > 1 and more than one tumour site or WBC count > 10 x 10(9)/l. The median survival times for the good, intermediate and high risk groups in the validation sample were 14.7, 10.5 and 6.4 months, respectively. Patients can be divided into at least three risk groups depending on the four baseline clinical parameters: performance status, WBC count, alkaline phosphatase and number of metastatic sites. Any molecular or biological marker should be validated against these clinical parameters and decisions for more or less intensive treatments may be studied separately in these three risk groups. Also, clinical trials should be stratified according to the three risk groups.
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            Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: does it mean cure?

            Most patients with colorectal liver metastases (LMs) receive systemic chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine the significance of a complete response on imaging of LMs after chemotherapy. Between 1998 and 2004, 586 patients were treated for colorectal LMs in one institution. Of these, 38 with the following criteria were included in the study: fewer than 10 LMs before chemotherapy; disappearance of one or several LMs on computed tomography (CT) scan and ultrasound; surgery with intraoperative ultrasound within 4 weeks of imaging; no extrahepatic disease; follow-up at least 1 year after surgery. Overall, 66 LMs disappeared after chemotherapy as seen on CT scan. Persistent macroscopic disease was observed at surgery at the site of 20 of 66 LMs, despite CT scan showing a complete response. The sites of 15 initial LMs that were not visible at surgery were resected. Pathologic examination of these sites of LMs, considered in complete response, showed viable cancer cells present in 12 of 15 cases. The sites of 31 initial LMs that were not visible at surgery were left in place during surgery; after 1 year of follow-up, 23 of 31 LMs considered in complete response had recurred in situ. Overall, persistent macroscopic or microscopic residual disease or early recurrence in situ were observed in 55 (83%) of 66 LMs having a complete response on imaging. In most patients receiving chemotherapy for colorectal LMs, a complete response on CT scan does not mean cure.
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              Splenectomy for splenic metastases: a changing clinical spectrum.

              Splenic metastases from solid tumors are unusual with only scattered case reports of patients treated with splenectomy before 1987. We conducted a retrospective chart review at our large tertiary-care private teaching hospital between January 1990 and September 1999 and found splenic metastases in 31 patients. In eight patients (26%), the spleen was the only site of metastatic disease. Of the 31 splenectomies for metastases, 23 were performed for ovarian neoplasms, five during primary operative procedures, and 18 during secondary cytoreductive procedures or explorations for late recurrences at an average of 3.9 years after the original operation. Nearly half of the metastases (15 of 31) appeared entirely within the splenic parenchyma, representing probable hematogenous spread, whereas seven involved both the splenic parenchyma and capsule and nine involved the capsule only. Between 1990 and 1999 we identified a statistically significant increase in use of splenectomy for treatment of metastatic tumor with a Spearman rank correlation value of 0.86 (P < 0.05). Most of this increase was attributable to ovarian cancer cases and may be due to expansion of treatment options or improved imaging methods. We report the largest series of splenectomy for splenic metastases and the ninth case report in the world literature of splenectomy for isolated splenic metastasis due to colorectal cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                23 November 2011
                2011
                : 10
                : 44
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service d'Oncologie Médicale, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
                [2 ]Service de Radiologie, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
                [3 ]Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
                [4 ]Service de Chirurgie Viscérale B, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: El M'rabet Fatima Zahra, Service d'oncologie médicale, CHU Hassan II, Fès, 30 000, Maroc
                Article
                PAMJ-10-44
                3290874
                22384290
                d15e230e-d612-40db-921d-8d1403aeb2ad
                © Fatima Zahra El M'rabet et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 February 2011
                : 19 September 2011
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                adénocarcinome,rate,colon,métastase,cancer
                Medicine
                adénocarcinome, rate, colon, métastase, cancer

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