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      Biopolítica y verdad: El caso de Marchiafava-Bignami en el dispositivo judicial chileno Translated title: Biopolitics and truth: The case of Marchiafava-Bignami disease in the Chilean criminal apparatus

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Enmarcado en las perspectivas biopolíticas, y en particular en el bioderecho, este trabajo analiza la recepción que, por medio de tecnologías de neuroimágenes, realiza el «dispositivo» judicial chileno desde un régimen de verdad establecido por un determinado saber científico. Se destaca que el proceso de traducción judicial tiende a darse de manera amplificada, examinándose particularmente el caso de un sujeto afectado por la enfermedad de Marchiafava-Bignami (EMB), un extraño síndrome neuronal que tiene por efecto principal el impulso a consumir bebidas alcohólicas. Se analiza una sentencia de la Corte de Apelaciones de Santiago de Chile que acoge dicho diagnóstico, produciendo de manera performativa una modalidad de vida que no es tratada como mera excepción, sino como una forma de vida excusada.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Within the framework of biopolitical perspectives, and especially bio-law, this paper analyses the reception that, through technologies of neuroimaging, the Chilean juridical apparatus gives place from a regimen of truth established by a given scientific knowledge. The paper highlights that the process of juridical translation seems to take place in an enlarging way, and examines the juridical case of an individual affected by the Marchiafava-Bignami disease (EMB), a very rare neuronal affection that has as a main effect the irresistible impulse of alcohol consumption. It is analyzed a sentence of the Appeal Court of Santiago of Chile that accepts the diagnostic of EMB disease, giving place to a way of life which is not treated as a mere exception in a performativity sense, but as a form of excused life.

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          Most cited references8

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          The rise of surveillance medicine.

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            Neuroprediction of future rearrest.

            Identification of factors that predict recurrent antisocial behavior is integral to the social sciences, criminal justice procedures, and the effective treatment of high-risk individuals. Here we show that error-related brain activity elicited during performance of an inhibitory task prospectively predicted subsequent rearrest among adult offenders within 4 y of release (N = 96). The odds that an offender with relatively low anterior cingulate activity would be rearrested were approximately double that of an offender with high activity in this region, holding constant other observed risk factors. These results suggest a potential neurocognitive biomarker for persistent antisocial behavior.
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              Can neurological evidence help courts assess criminal responsibility? Lessons from law and neuroscience.

              Can neurological evidence help courts assess criminal responsibility? To answer this question, we must first specify legal criteria for criminal responsibility and then ask how neurological findings can be used to determine whether particular defendants meet those criteria. Cognitive neuroscience may speak to at least two familiar conditions of criminal responsibility: intention and sanity. Functional neuroimaging studies in motor planning, awareness of actions, agency, social contract reasoning, and theory of mind, among others, have recently targeted a small assortment of brain networks thought to be instrumental in such determinations. Advances in each of these areas bring specificity to the problems underlying the application of neuroscience to criminal law.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rchdt
                Revista chilena de derecho y tecnología
                Rev. chil. derecho tecnol.
                Universidad de Chile/Facultad de Derecho. Centro de Estudios en Derecho Informático (Santiago, , Chile )
                0719-2584
                December 2017
                : 6
                : 2
                : 121-133
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile Chile
                Article
                S0719-25842017000200121
                10.5354/0719-2584.2017.47681
                d1d1f04d-9a4f-48dc-8807-be84626140b1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 December 2017
                : 29 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                bioderecho,Biopolitics,performativity life,Marchiafava-Bignami,regime of truth,biolaw,vida performativa,régimen de verdad,Biopolíticas

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