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      • Record: found
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      Correlation of Feline Coronavirus Shedding in Feces with Coronavirus Antibody Titer

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          Abstract

          Background: Feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection is ubiquitous in multi-cat households. Responsible for the continuous presence are cats that are chronically shedding a high load of FCoV. The aim of the study was to determine a possible correlation between FCoV antibody titer and frequency and load of fecal FCoV shedding in cats from catteries. Methods: Four fecal samples from each of 82 cats originating from 19 German catteries were examined for FCoV viral loads by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, antibody titers were determined by an immunofluorescence assay. Results: Cats with antibodies were more likely to be FCoV shedders than non-shedders, and there was a weak positive correlation between antibody titer and mean fecal virus load (Spearman r = 0.2984; p = 0.0072). Antibody titers were significantly higher if cats shed FCoV more frequently throughout the study period ( p = 0.0063). When analyzing only FCoV shedders, cats that were RT-qPCR-positive in all four samples had significantly higher antibody titers ( p = 0.0014) and significantly higher mean fecal virus loads ( p = 0.0475) than cats that were RT-qPCR-positive in only one, two, or three samples. Conclusions: The cats’ antibody titers correlate with the likelihood and frequency of FCoV shedding and fecal virus load. Chronic shedders have higher antibody titers and shed more virus. This knowledge is important for the management of FCoV infections in multi-cat environments, but the results indicate that antibody measurement cannot replace fecal RT-qPCR.

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          Persistence and transmission of natural type I feline coronavirus infection.

          D. D. Addie, I A T Schaap, O. Jarrett (2003)
          To examine the mode of natural transmission and persistence of feline coronavirus (FCoV), FCoV strains shed by domestic cats were investigated over periods of up to 7 years. An RT-PCR that amplified part of the 3' end of the viral spike (S) gene was devised to distinguish FCoV types I and II. All but 1 of 28 strains of FCoV from 43 cats were type I. Nucleotide identities of the amplified 320 bp product from 49 type I FCoVs ranged from 79 to 100 %. The consensus partial S sequence of isolates recovered from persistently infected cats at time intervals spanning years was generally conserved. While most cats were infected with a single strain, a few may have been infected by more than one strain. Cats that were transiently infected and ceased shedding could be re-infected with either the same, or a different, strain. In most cases, whether a cat became persistently or transiently infected was independent of the virus strain. However, one strain was unusual in that it infected the majority of cats in the household simultaneously and was still being shed 18 months later. Factors that influence whether FCoV establishes lifelong infection in some cats and not others are determined mainly by the host response to infection.
          Article 0 comments Cited 110 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis

            Niels Pedersen, Michel Perron, Michael Bannasch … (2019)
            Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for cats suffering from various forms of naturally acquired feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Methods Cats ranged from 3.4–73 months of age (mean 13.6 months); 26 had effusive or dry-to-effusive FIP and five had non-effusive disease. Cats with severe neurological and ocular FIP were not recruited. The group was started on GS-441524 at a dosage of 2.0 mg/kg SC q24h for at least 12 weeks and increased when indicated to 4.0 mg/kg SC q24h. Results Four of the 31 cats that presented with severe disease died or were euthanized within 2–5 days and a fifth cat after 26 days. The 26 remaining cats completed the planned 12 weeks or more of treatment. Eighteen of these 26 cats remain healthy at the time of publication (OnlineFirst, February 2019) after one round of treatment, while eight others suffered disease relapses within 3–84 days. Six of the relapses were non-neurological and two neurological. Three of the eight relapsing cats were treated again at the same dosage, while five cats had the dosage increased from 2.0 to 4.0 mg/kg q24h. The five cats treated a second time at the higher dosage, including one with neurological disease, responded well and also remain healthy at the time of publication. However, one of the three cats re-treated at the original lower dosage relapsed with neurological disease and was euthanized, while the two remaining cats responded favorably but relapsed a second time. These two cats were successfully treated a third time at the higher dosage, producing 25 long-time survivors. One of the 25 successfully treated cats was subsequently euthanized due to presumably unrelated heart disease, while 24 remain healthy. Conclusions and relevance GS-441524 was shown to be a safe and effective treatment for FIP. The optimum dosage was found to be 4.0 mg/kg SC q24h for at least 12 weeks.
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              The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies

              B.G. Murphy, M. Perron, E Murakami … (2018)
              Highlights • GS-441524 inhibited replication of serotype II FIP virus (FIPV) in CRFK cell cultures at an EC50 of approximately 1 uM and no toxicity at 100 uM. • GS-441524 inhibited wildtype FIPV replication in macrophage cultures from ascitic fluid of two cats with naturally occurring FIP. • GS-441525 is triphosphorylated by CRFK cells in vitro and PBMC in vivo. • Pharmacokinetic studies in laboratory cats demonstrated effective blood levels over 24 h after a single dose of 5 mg/kg SC or IV. • Severe experimental effusive FIP was successfully treated with 2 or 5 mg/kg GS-441524 SC q24 h for two weeks.
              Article 0 comments Cited 91 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pathogens
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pathogens
                Journal ID (publisher-id): pathogens
                Title: Pathogens
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2076-0817
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 July 2020
                Publication date Collection: August 2020
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 598
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany; u.klein@ 123456medizinische-kleintierklinik.de (U.K.-R.); n.bergmann@ 123456medizinische-kleintierklinik.de (M.B.); s.unterer@ 123456medizinische-kleintierklinik.de (S.U.); hartmann@ 123456lmu.de (K.H.)
                [2 ]Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; rhofmann@ 123456vetclinics.uzh.ch
                [3 ]IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 2825 KOVR Dr., West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA; Christian.Leutenegger@ 123456antechmail.com
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-4296
                Article
                Publisher ID: pathogens-09-00598
                DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080598
                PMC ID: 7459802
                PubMed ID: 32707796
                SO-VID: d1e7f2fc-5c0c-46f1-9842-199abf14bd12
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 24 June 2020
                Date accepted : 14 July 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: feline infectious peritonitis (fip),feline coronavirus (fcov),carrier,feline enteric coronavirus (fecv),serology,transmission,multi-cat household
                Data availability:
                Keywords: feline infectious peritonitis (fip), feline coronavirus (fcov), carrier, feline enteric coronavirus (fecv), serology, transmission, multi-cat household

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