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      Beta oscillatory responses in healthy subjects and subjects with mild cognitive impairment ☆

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          Abstract

          The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of beta oscillatory responses upon cognitive load in healthy subjects and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The role of beta oscillations upon cognitive stimulation is least studied in comparison to other frequency bands. The study included 17 consecutive patients with MCI (mean age = 70.8 ± 5.6 years) according to Petersen's criteria, and 17 age- and education-matched normal elderly controls (mean age = 68.5 ± 5.5 years). The experiments used a visual oddball paradigm. EEG was recorded at 30 cortical locations. EEG-evoked power, inter-trial phase synchronization, and event-related beta responses filtered in 15–20 Hz were obtained in response to target and non-target stimuli for both groups of subjects. In healthy subjects, EEG-evoked beta power, inter-trial phase synchronization of beta responses and event-related filtered beta responses were significantly higher in responses to target than non-target stimuli (p < 0.05). In MCI patients, there were no differences in evoked beta power between target and non-target stimuli. Furthermore, upon presentation of visual oddball paradigm, occipital electrodes depict higher beta response in comparison to other electrode sites. The increased beta response upon presentation of target stimuli in healthy subjects implies that beta oscillations could shift the system to an attention state, and had important function in cognitive activity. This may, in future, open the way to consider beta activity as an important operator in brain cognitive processes.

          Highlights

          • •

            Beta responses were analyzed upon presentation of visual oddball stimuli.

          • •

            Healthy subjects and mild cognitive-impairment patients were included in the study.

          • •

            Target stimulation yielded higher beta responses than non-target stimulation.

          • •

            Beta power of patients did not differ between target and non-target stimulation.

          • •

            Increased event-related beta might be related to attention and cognitive activity.

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          Most cited references69

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          Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report.

          J Yesavage, T. Brink, T Rose … (1982)
          A new Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) designed specifically for rating depression in the elderly was tested for reliability and validity and compared with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). In constructing the GDS a 100-item questionnaire was administered to normal and severely depressed subjects. The 30 questions most highly correlated with the total scores were then selected and readministered to new groups of elderly subjects. These subjects were classified as normal, mildly depressed or severely depressed on the basis of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for depression. The GDS, HRS-D and SDS were all found to be internally consistent measures, and each of the scales was correlated with the subject's number of RDC symptoms. However, the GDS and the HRS-D were significantly better correlated with RDC symptoms than was the SDS. The authors suggest that the GDS represents a reliable and valid self-rating depression screening scale for elderly populations.
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            EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

            Jaeseung Jeong (2004)
            Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and intellectual deficits and behavior disturbance. The electroencephalogram (EEG) has been used as a tool for diagnosing AD for several decades. The hallmark of EEG abnormalities in AD patients is a shift of the power spectrum to lower frequencies and a decrease in coherence of fast rhythms. These abnormalities are thought to be associated with functional disconnections among cortical areas resulting from death of cortical neurons, axonal pathology, cholinergic deficits, etc. This article reviews main findings of EEG abnormalities in AD patients obtained from conventional spectral analysis and nonlinear dynamical methods. In particular, nonlinear alterations in the EEG of AD patients, i.e. a decreased complexity of EEG patterns and reduced information transmission among cortical areas, and their clinical implications are discussed. For future studies, improvement of the accuracy of differential diagnosis and early detection of AD based on multimodal approaches, longitudinal studies on nonlinear dynamics of the EEG, drug effects on the EEG dynamics, and linear and nonlinear functional connectivity among cortical regions in AD are proposed to be investigated. EEG abnormalities of AD patients are characterized by slowed mean frequency, less complex activity, and reduced coherences among cortical regions. These abnormalities suggest that the EEG has utility as a valuable tool for differential and early diagnosis of AD.
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              Stimulus specificity of phase-locked and non-phase-locked 40 Hz visual responses in human.

              Catherine Tallon-Baudry, Olivier Bertrand, Claude Delpuech … (1996)
              Considerable interest has been raised by non-phase-locked episodes of synchronization in the gamma-band (30-60 Hz). One of their putative roles in the visual modality is feature-binding. We tested the stimulus specificity of high-frequency oscillations in humans using three types of visual stimuli: two coherent stimuli (a Kanizsa and a real triangle) and a noncoherent stimulus ("no-triangle stimulus"). The task of the subject was to count the occurrences of a curved illusory triangle. A time-frequency analysis of single-trial EEG data recorded from eight human subjects was performed to characterize phase-locked as well as non-phase-locked high-frequency activities. We found in early phase-locked 40 Hz component, maximal at electrodes Cz-C4, which does not vary with stimulation type. We describe a second 40 Hz component, appearing around 280 msec, that is not phase-locked to stimulus onset. This component is stronger in response to a coherent triangle, whether real or illusory: it could reflect, therefore, a mechanism of feature binding based on high-frequency synchronization. Because both the illusory and the real triangle are more target-like, it could also correspond to an oscillatory mechanism for testing the match between stimulus and target. At the same latencies, the low-frequency evoked response components phase-locked to stimulus onset behave differently, suggesting that low- and high-frequency activities have different functional roles.
              Article 0 comments Cited 282 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Erol Başar
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroimage (Amst)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neuroimage (Amst)
                Title: NeuroImage : Clinical
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2213-1582
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 July 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2013
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Volume: 3
                Pages: 39-46
                Affiliations
                [a ]Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
                [b ]Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
                [c ]Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
                [d ]Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University Medical School, Izmir 35340, Turkey
                [e ]İstanbul Arel University, Psychology Department, Turkey
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Istanbul Kultur University, Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Ataköy Campus, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey. Tel.: + 90 212 498 4392; fax: + 90 212 498 4546. e.basar@ 123456iku.edu.tr
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2213-1582(13)00090-9
                DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.07.003
                PMC ID: 3791295
                PubMed ID: 24179847
                SO-VID: d1eaa093-c4be-468f-ab03-60c6575b07b0
                Copyright © © 2013 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 16 May 2013
                Date revision received : 28 June 2013
                Date accepted : 10 July 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: eeg,event related oscillations,evoked oscillations,beta,mild cognitive impairment,oddball paradigm
                Data availability:
                Keywords: eeg, event related oscillations, evoked oscillations, beta, mild cognitive impairment, oddball paradigm

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