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      Caregiver Verbal Encouragement Increases Food Acceptance among Vietnamese Toddlers

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          Abstract

          Responsive feeding, defined as the positive environment and caregiving behaviors that encourage children to eat, is critical to their physical, mental, and social development. However, research and programs designed to foster responsive feeding have been limited. This research tested the hypothesis that caregiver encouragement, caregiver and child behaviors, and other feeding characteristics were associated with acceptance of food. A total of 91 mother/child pairs in rural, northern Vietnam were videotaped during 2 2-h feeding episodes. Children were 12 and 17 mo of age at the time of study. Caregiver and child behaviors were coded at the level of the “intended bite” (7135 bites total). Feeding episodes were marked by few physical actions and minimal verbal encouragement by caregivers. Results from generalized linear mixed models suggest that when caregivers provided children with positive comments, children were 2.4 times as likely to accept bites compared with when no comments were given. Twelve-mo-olds who were in the caregiver's arms [odds ratio (OR) = 0.5] or lap (OR = 0.5) were significantly less likely than those who stood to accept bites. The 17-mo-olds who played were less likely than those with no physical action to accept bites. Play appeared to distract boys more than girls. In Vietnam, programs should help caregivers provide positive verbal encouragement to eat. Program planners and implementers may want to encourage caregivers to avoid force feeding and other forms of physical pressure. Further, mealtime should be seen as an opportunity to develop long-term feeding skills and encourage a healthy appetite.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          Journal
          J Nutr
          J. Nutr
          jn
          The Journal of Nutrition
          Oxford University Press
          0022-3166
          1541-6100
          July 2009
          13 May 2009
          01 July 2010
          : 139
          : 7
          : 1387-1392
          Affiliations
          [4 ]Department of International Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 84602
          [5 ]Department of Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
          [6 ]Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
          [7 ]Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
          [8 ]Save the Children Federation/US, Hanoi, Vietnam
          [9 ]Save the Children Federation/US, Westport, CT 06880
          Author notes
          [* ]To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kdearden@ 123456bu.edu .
          Article
          PMC6459056 PMC6459056 6459056
          10.3945/jn.108.102780
          6459056
          19439464
          d1fd49e5-c867-4bbf-9d24-02c90df61cf2
          © 2009 The American Institute of Nutrition
          History
          : 29 November 2008
          : 24 January 2009
          : 04 April 2009
          Page count
          Pages: 6
          Funding
          Funded by: NIH 10.13039/100000002
          Categories
          Articles
          Community and International Nutrition

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