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      Eficacia de la hipnosis en psicología del deporte: una revisión sistemática Translated title: Eficácia da hipnose na psicologia do desporto: uma revisão sistemática Translated title: Efficacy of hypnosis in sport psychology: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La hipnosis es un conjunto variado de procedimientos que posee abundante evidencia científica sobre su utilidad como técnica coadyuvante en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos, de índole médica o psicológica especialmente en adultos. No obstante, en el ámbito de la Psicología del Deporte la evidencia disponible parece escasa, y no siempre basada en estudios rigurosos desde un punto de vista metodológico. Por este motivo, este estudio presenta una revisión sistemática según la Declaración Prisma sobre la eficacia de la hipnosis en el deporte y el ejercicio/práctica deportiva. Los objetivos son describir los resultados de este conjunto de técnicas sobre el rendimiento en deportistas y practicantes de ejercicio físico, y mostrar la potencia estadística del conjunto de estudios y su rigor metodológico. Se incluyeron un total de 45 estudios, que revelaron, en su mayoría, los efectos positivos del uso de la hipnosis frente a otras técnicas utilizadas. Con respecto a los criterios metodológicos, la mayoría de los estudios cumplieron con los criterios establecidos, a excepción de evaluación de la sugestionabilidad hipnótica y medida del tamaño del efecto. Estos resultados ponen de relevancia la importancia de continuar contribuyendo al desarrollo de la hipnosis en Psicología del Deporte, visto que los posibles efectos positivos y las ventajas que puede presentar la misma presentan aún poca evidencia científica.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO A hipnose é um conjunto variado de procedimentos que tem provas científicas abundantes sobre a sua utilidade como técnica adjuvante no tratamento de várias doenças, especialmente em adultos. No entanto, no campo da Psicologia do Desporto as provas disponíveis parecem ser escassas, e nem sempre baseadas em estudos rigorosos de um ponto de vista metodológico. Por esta razão, este estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática de acordo com a Declaração Prisma sobre a eficácia da hipnose no desporto e na prática de exercício/esporte. Os objectivos são descrever os resultados deste conjunto de técnicas sobre o desempenho em atletas e praticantes de actividade física, e mostrar o poder estatístico do conjunto de estudos e o seu rigor metodológico. Foram incluídos um total de 45 estudos. A maioria deles revelou os efeitos positivos do uso da hipnose em comparação com outras técnicas. No que diz respeito aos critérios metodológicos, a maioria dos estudos cumpriu os critérios estabelecidos, com excepção da avaliação da sugestibilidade hipnótica e da medição da dimensão do efeito. Estes resultados sublinham a importância de continuar a contribuir para o desenvolvimento da hipnose na Psicologia do Desporto, dado que os possíveis efeitos positivos e vantagens da hipnose ainda apresentam poucas provas científicas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Hypnosis is a technique that has a multitude of scientific evidence in favor of its efficacy as an adjuvant technique in the treatment of different disorders -medical or psychological nature- in children and adults, and more specifically, also in the field of sport psychology, although this evidence has not always been accompanied by rigorous methodological procedures. For this reason, this study presents a systematic review on the efficacy of hypnosis in sport and exercise, describing the results of this technique on performance in athletes and physical activity practitioners, and exploring the statistical power of the set of studies. A total of 45 studies were included, most of which revealed the positive effects of the use of hypnosis compared to other techniques used. With respect to the methodological criteria, most of the studies met the established criteria, with the exception of the assessment of hypnotic suggestibility and the measurement of effect size, both of which are of utmost importance. These results highlight the importance of continuing to contribute to the development of hypnosis in the discipline, given the positive effects and advantages that hypnosis can have.

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          Most cited references80

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          Defining empirically supported therapies.

          A scheme is proposed for determining when a psychological treatment for a specific problem or disorder may be considered to be established in efficacy or to be possibly efficacious. The importance of independent replication before a treatment is established in efficacy is emphasized, and a number of factors are elaborated that should be weighed in evaluating whether studies supporting a treatment's efficacy are sound. It is suggested that, in evaluating the benefits of a given treatment, the greatest weight should be given to efficacy trials but that these trials should be followed by research on effectiveness in clinical settings and with various populations and by cost-effectiveness research.
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            A meta-analysis of hypnotically induced analgesia: how effective is hypnosis?

            Over the past two decades, hypnoanalgesia has been widely studied; however, no systematic attempts have been made to determine the average size of hypnoanalgesic effects or establish the generalizability of these effects from the laboratory to the clinic. This study examines the effectiveness of hypnosis in pain management, compares studies that evaluated hypnotic pain reduction in healthy volunteers vs. those using patient samples, compares hypnoanalgesic effects and participants' hypnotic suggestibility, and determines the effectiveness of hypnotic suggestion for pain relief relative to other nonhypnotic psychological interventions. Meta-analysis of 18 studies revealed a moderate to large hypnoanalgesic effect, supporting the efficacy of hypnotic techniques for pain management. The results also indicated that hypnotic suggestion was equally effective in reducing both clinical and experimental pain. The overall results suggest broader application of hypnoanalgesic techniques with pain patients.
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              Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                April 2022
                : 22
                : 1
                : 81-99
                Affiliations
                [1] Málaga Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Málaga Spain
                [2] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversitat de Valencia Spain
                Article
                S1578-84232022000100008 S1578-8423(22)02200100008
                10.6018/cpd.481041
                d2050294-917d-419d-9f9a-989642e64db9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 July 2021
                : 05 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 81, Pages: 19
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Psicología del Deporte

                effectiveness,desempenho,eficacia,Desporto,Hipnose,performance,sport,Hypnosis,rendimiento,deporte,Hipnosis

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