Maintaining healthy sleep patterns and frailty transitions: a prospective Chinese study

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Abstract

Background

Little is known about the effects of maintaining healthy sleep patterns on frailty transitions.

Methods

Based on 23,847 Chinese adults aged 30–79 in a prospective cohort study, we examined the associations between sleep patterns and frailty transitions. Healthy sleep patterns included sleep duration at 7 or 8 h/d, without insomnia disorder, and no snoring. Participants who persisted with a healthy sleep pattern in both surveys were defined as maintaining a healthy sleep pattern and scored one point. We used 27 phenotypes to construct a frailty index and defined three statuses: robust, prefrail, and frail. Frailty transitions were defined as the change of frailty status between the 2 surveys: improved, worsened, and remained. Log-binomial regression was used to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) to assess the effect of sleep patterns on frailty transitions.

Results

During a median follow-up of 8.0 years among 23,847 adults, 45.5% of robust participants, and 10.8% of prefrail participants worsened their frailty status, while 18.6% of prefrail participants improved. Among robust participants at baseline, individuals who maintained sleep duration of 7 or 8 h/ds, without insomnia disorder, and no-snoring were less likely to worsen their frailty status; the corresponding PRs (95% CIs) were 0.92 (0.89–0.96), 0.76 (0.74–0.77), and 0.85 (0.82–0.88), respectively. Similar results were observed among prefrail participants maintaining healthy sleep patterns. Maintaining healthy sleep duration and without snoring, also raised the probability of improving the frailty status; the corresponding PRs were 1.09 (1.00–1.18) and 1.42 (1.31–1.54), respectively. Besides, a dose-response relationship was observed between constantly healthy sleep scores and the risk of frailty transitions ( P for trend < 0.001).

Conclusions

Maintaining a comprehensive healthy sleep pattern was positively associated with a lower risk of worsening frailty status and a higher probability of improving frailty status among Chinese adults.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12916-022-02557-0.

Related collections

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Is Open Access

Accumulation of Deficits as a Proxy Measure of Aging

Arnold Mitnitski, Alexander J Mogilner, Kenneth Rockwood (2001)

This paper develops a method for appraising health status in elderly people. A frailty index was defined as the proportion of accumulated deficits (symptoms, signs, functional impairments, and laboratory abnormalities). It serves as an individual state variable, reflecting severity of illness and proximity to death. In a representative database of elderly Canadians we found that deficits accumulated at 3% per year, and show a gamma distribution, typical for systems with redundant components that can be used in case of failure of a given subsystem. Of note, the slope of the index is insensitive to the individual nature of the deficits, and serves as an important prognostic factor for life expectancy. The formula for estimating an individual's life span given the frailty index value is presented. For different patterns of cognitive impairments the average within-group index value increases with the severity of the cognitive impairment, and the relative variability of the index is significantly reduced. Finally, the statistical distribution of the frailty index sharply differs between well groups (gamma distribution) and morbid groups (normal distribution). This pattern reflects an increase in uncompensated deficits in impaired organisms, which would lead to illness of various etiologies, and ultimately to increased mortality. The accumulation of deficits is as an example of a macroscopic variable, i.e., one that reflects general properties of aging at the level of the whole organism rather than any given functional deficiency. In consequence, we propose that it may be used as a proxy measure of aging.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Canqing Yu:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-0014

yucanqing@pku.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Med

Title: BMC Medicine

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1741-7015

Publication date (Electronic): 21 October 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 21 October 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 20

Electronic Location Identifier: 354

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.11135.37, ISNI 0000 0001 2256 9319, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, , Peking University, ; 100191 Beijing, China

[2 ]GRID grid.11135.37, ISNI 0000 0001 2256 9319, Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, ; Beijing, 100191 China

[3 ]GRID grid.415105.4, ISNI 0000 0004 9430 5605, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, ; Beijing, 100037 China

[4 ]GRID grid.506261.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0706 7839, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, ; Beijing, 100730 China

[5 ]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, ; Oxford, OX3 7LF UK

[6 ]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, , University of Oxford, ; Oxford, OX3 7LF UK

[7 ]NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Qingdao CDC, Qingdao, 266033 Shandong China

[8 ]GRID grid.464207.3, ISNI 0000 0004 4914 5614, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, ; Beijing, 100022 China

Author information

Canqing Yu http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-0014

Article

Publisher ID: 2557

DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02557-0

PMC ID: 9585775

PubMed ID: 36266610

SO-VID: d220ef70-c822-49ae-a249-0f5625d91bfb

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 19 June 2022

Date accepted : 8 September 2022

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 81941018

Award ID: 82192900

Award ID: 82192901

Award ID: 82192904

Award ID: 91846303

Award ID: 91843302

Award ID: 81390540

Funded by: Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong

Funded by: UK Wellcome Trust

Award ID: 212946/Z/18/Z

Award ID: 202922/Z/16/Z

Award ID: 104085/Z/14/Z

Award ID: 088158/Z/09/Z

Funded by: National Key R&D Program of China

Award ID: 2016YFC0900500

Award ID: 2016YFC1303904

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002855, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China;

Award ID: 2011BAI09B01

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: sleep patterns,frailty,prospective cohort study

Data availability: