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      Supporting the Call to Action : A Review of Nutrition Educational Interventions in the Health Professions Literature and MedEdPORTAL

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      Academic Medicine
      Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

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          Abstract

          Despite calls to improve nutrition education, training for medical students is inadequate. This systematic review provides an overview of published educational interventions for undergraduate-level health professionals and makes recommendations for improving nutrition training.

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          Most cited references18

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          The medical care costs of obesity: an instrumental variables approach.

          This paper is the first to use the method of instrumental variables (IV) to estimate the impact of obesity on medical costs in order to address the endogeneity of weight and to reduce the bias from reporting error in weight. Models are estimated using restricted-use data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for 2000-2005. The IV model, which exploits genetic variation in weight as a natural experiment, yields estimates of the impact of obesity on medical costs that are considerably higher than the estimates reported in the previous literature. For example, obesity is associated with $656 higher annual medical care costs, but the IV results indicate that obesity raises annual medical costs by $2741 (in 2005 dollars). These results imply that the previous literature has underestimated the medical costs of obesity, resulting in underestimates of the economic rationale for government intervention to reduce obesity-related externalities. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Feedback by simulated patients in undergraduate medical education: a systematic review of the literature.

            Although the importance of feedback by simulated patients (SPs) is generally recognised, knowledge is scarce about the most effective ways in which SPs can provide feedback. In addition, little is known about how SPs are trained to provide feedback. This study aimed to provide a systematic overview of the ways in which SPs provide feedback to undergraduate medical students, the domains in which SPs provide feedback and the ways in which SPs are trained to provide feedback. We performed a systematic search of the literature using PubMed, PsychINFO and ERIC and searched for additional papers cited in reference lists. Papers were selected on the basis of pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria and were classified, using a pre-established form, according to three aspects of SP feedback: training in giving feedback; the process of delivering feedback, and the domain(s) in which feedback is given. A total of 49 studies were included and described in detail on the basis of the three aspects of SP feedback described above. The ways in which SPs were trained to give feedback were largely heterogeneous, as were the processes by which feedback was provided by SPs. Only a few studies described feedback processes that were in accordance with general recommendations for the delivery of effective feedback. Although feedback from the patient's perspective is generally recommended, most SPs provided feedback on clinical skills and communication skills. There appear to be no clear standards with regard to effective feedback training for SPs. Furthermore, the processes by which feedback is provided by SPs and the selection of domain(s) in which SPs give feedback often seem to lack a solid scientific basis. Suggestions for further research are provided.
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              The effect of physicians' body weight on patient attitudes: implications for physician selection, trust and adherence to medical advice.

              Research has documented negative stigma by health providers toward overweight and obese patients, but it is unknown whether physicians themselves are vulnerable to weight bias from patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Academic Medicine
                Academic Medicine
                Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
                1040-2446
                2017
                March 2017
                : 92
                : 3
                : 403-416
                Article
                10.1097/ACM.0000000000001532
                28225733
                d22813ad-15d7-460d-8b3a-822034fb0a1a
                © 2017
                History

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