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      On Hydrangea peruviana , an endangered species from Ecuador, and Hydrangea oerstedii , very common in Costa Rica and Panama, and seven threatened Central and South American Hydrangeas, which have been confounded with these

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          Abstract

          Hydrangea section Cornidia , currently consisting of 19 accepted taxa, occurs from Mexico to Chile and Argentina, with one species in southeast Asia. Its representatives are root-climbing lianas which may grow up to 60 m high in the tree canopy of temperate to (sub)tropical forests. Our extensive field work throughout its distribution area, study of herbarium specimens and ongoing molecular studies have resulted in the discovery of species new to science, as well as new insights into the circumscription of many taxa. We here present amended descriptions for seven Hydrangea species of Central and South America and discuss the taxonomical situation of two Colombian Hydrangeas , including an identification key, illustrations, and distribution maps. Field work was carried out in Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador and Peru, including exploration in areas where the genus had not been collected before. These specimens and observations were complemented with the study of specimens of 41 herbaria of North, Central and South America, as well as Europe. Detailed morphological studies of all species were carried out, based on living plants in their natural habitat, as well as on dried specimens from our own collections and all available herbarium material. Type material was studied in detail for all species concerned. Based on an extensive number of morphological characters, combined with distribution patterns, phenological differences and ecological preferences, including molecular data in most cases, Hydrangea peruviana and H. oerstedii are clearly distinct taxa, as well as the other seven species mentioned here, which had been synonymized with either of these two species. The present study results in the recognition of 26 species in section Cornidia and exemplifies the urgent need for profound taxonomic studies in plants, as in many families we do not dispose of well-circumscribed units for conservation to mitigate the already occurring unprecedented loss of biodiversity.

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          Resumen

          Hydrangea sección Cornidia , que actualmente consiste en 19 taxones aceptados, se distribuye desde México hasta Chile y Argentina, con una especie en el sureste asiático. Sus representantes son lianas trepadoras que pueden crecer hasta 60 m de altura en la copa de los árboles de los bosques templados a (sub)tropicales. Nuestro extenso trabajo de campo en toda su área de distribución, la revisión de especímenes de herbario y los estudios moleculares en curso han dado como resultado el descubrimiento de especies nuevas para la ciencia, así como conocimiento nuevo sobre la circunscripción de muchos taxones. Aquí presentamos descripciones enmendadas para siete especies de Hydrangea de Centro y Suramérica y discutimos la situación taxonómica de dos Hydrangeas colombianas, incluyendo una clave de identificación, ilustraciones y mapas de distribución. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en Costa Rica, Panamá, Ecuador y Perú, incluída la exploración en áreas donde el género no había sido recolectado antes. Estos especímenes y observaciones se complementaron con el estudio de especímenes de 41 herbarios de Norte, Centro y Suramérica, así como de Europa. Se llevaron a cabo estudios morfológicos detallados de todas las especies, basados ​​en plantas vivas en su hábitat natural, así como en muestras secas de nuestras propias colecciones y todo el material de herbario disponible. El material tipo se estudió en detalle para todas las especies en cuestión. En base a una gran cantidad de caracteres morfológicos, combinados con patrones de distribución, diferencias fenológicas y preferencias ecológicas, incluyendo datos moleculares en la mayoría de los casos, Hydrangea peruviana y H. oerstedii son taxones claramente distintos, así como las otras siete especies mencionadas aquí, que habían sido sinonimizadas con cualquiera de estas dos especies. El presente estudio resulta en el reconocimiento de 26 especies en la sección Cornidia y ejemplifica la necesidad urgente de estudios taxonómicos profundos en plantas, ya que en muchas familias no disponemos de unidades de conservación bien circunscritas para mitigar la pérdida de biodiversidad sin precedentes.

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          Most cited references23

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          International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

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            Molecular phylogenetics and new (infra)generic classification to alleviate polyphyly in tribe Hydrangeeae (Cornales: Hydrangeaceae)

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              Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                PhytoKeys
                PhytoKeys
                3
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F7FCE910-8E78-573F-9C77-7788555F8AAD
                PhytoKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-2011
                1314-2003
                2021
                26 January 2021
                : 171
                : 91-153
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico
                [2 ] Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
                [3 ] Herbario Nacional de México, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Marie-Stéphanie Samain ( mariestephanie.samain@ 123456gmail.com )

                Academic editor: S. Knapp

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-9024
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4001-619X
                Article
                56351
                10.3897/phytokeys.171.56351
                7854559
                d23f4593-b4d9-4c2a-8104-cb28cba37b6f
                Marie-Stéphanie Samain, Carolina Granados Mendoza, Esteban Manuel Martínez Salas

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 09 July 2020
                : 08 January 2021
                Funding
                Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds of the Ghent University, Belgium, the Research Foundation Flanders, the Systematics Association and private funds of the first author and of Rita Carron, Gent, Belgium
                Categories
                Research Article
                Cornales
                Hydrangeaceae
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                Floristics & Distribution
                Identification key
                Nomenclature
                Taxonomy
                Cenozoic
                Americas
                Central America and the Caribbean
                South America

                Plant science & Botany
                conservation,ecuador,functional dioecism,hortensia,lianas,neotropics,peru,taxonomy
                Plant science & Botany
                conservation, ecuador, functional dioecism, hortensia, lianas, neotropics, peru, taxonomy

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