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      Diarrhoea in the growing pig – a comparison of clinical, morphological and microbial findings between animals from good and poor performance herds

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          Abstract

          Diarrhoea among growing pigs (8–13 weeks old) is a significant problem in many herds. Nine herds with poor performance and diarrhoea among growing pigs were selected on the basis of their piglet mean age at a body weight of 25 kg, compared to the overall mean age in Swedish herds. In addition, four herds with good average performance and no problems with diarrhoea were selected. Pigs were necropsied and samples for histology and microbiology were collected. Based on the necropsy findings, the pigs from the good performing herds were all judged to be healthy. The presence of Brachyspira pilosicoli and Lawsonia intracellularis was significantly correlated to poor performing herds and the results indicate that these microbes are main pathogens involved in enteric diseases among Swedish grower pigs. In addition, concomitant infections with other presumptive pathogens were commonly found.

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          Changes in bacterial community structure in the colon of pigs fed different experimental diets and after infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.

          Paul Jensen, B. Lund-Jensen, T D Leser … (2000)
          Bacterial communities in the large intestines of pigs were compared using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis targeting the 16S ribosomal DNA. The pigs were fed different experimental diets based on either modified standard feed or cooked rice supplemented with dietary fibers. After feeding of the animals with the experimental diets for 2 weeks, differences in the bacterial community structure in the spiral colon were detected in the form of different profiles of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs). Some of the T-RFs were universally distributed, i.e., they were found in all samples, while others varied in distribution and were related to specific diets. The reproducibility of the T-RFLP profiles between individual animals within the diet groups was high. In the control group, the profiles remained unchanged throughout the experiment and were similar between two independent but identical experiments. When the animals were experimentally infected with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, causing swine dysentery, many of the T-RFs fluctuated, suggesting a destabilization of the microbial community.
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            The effect of zinc oxide supplementation on the stability of the intestinal flora with special reference to composition of coliforms in weaned pigs.

            Leif P Jensen, R Möllby, P Wallgren … (1999)
            The effect of a dietary supplementation of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the stability of the intestinal flora and on the composition of coliforms in weaned pigs was investigated. Faecal floras were characterized by their metabolic activities and fermentative capacity (FC) using the Phene Plate generalized microplate. Coliforms were characterized by conventional enumeration and by the Phene Plate-RS plates. The latter measured FC, phenotypic diversity, persistence of each coliform strain in piglets, and similarity among the coliform populations within groups. From weaning onwards, the control pigs (n = 5) were fed a basal diet ad libitum, while experimental pigs (n = 5) were given the same food supplemented with 2500 ppm ZnO. Metabolic fingerprinting of faecal floras indicated marked differences between the composition of floras of treated and control pigs during the first 2 weeks post-weaning. The FC of faecal flora in both groups decreased as pigs aged, but it was significantly (P
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              Characterization of Lawsonia intracellularis gen. nov., sp. nov., the obligately intracellular bacterium of porcine proliferative enteropathy.

              S McOrist, C Gebhart, R Boid … (1995)
              A novel obligately intracellular bacterium, ileal symbiont intracellularis, which was obtained from the intestines of pigs with proliferative enteropathy disease, was grown in pure cocultures with tissue cultures of rat cells. An examination of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence revealed that the isolates which we obtained are members of the delta subdivision of the Proteobacteria and that the sequences of these organisms exhibit a level of similarly of 91% with the sequence of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774. These isolates were homogeneous and differed in cellular morphology, acid fastness, phenotype, electrophoretic protein profile, and habitat from Desulfovibrio species. On the basis of the results of an integrated study of the phenotype and genotype of a consistent morphological entity found in particular porcine cells and associated with a well-defined clinical condition, we concluded that these bacteria belong to a previously undescribed genus and species, for which we propose the name Lawsonia intracellularis gen. nov., sp. nov. A species-specific recombinant DNA probe was cloned previously, and this probe was used to identify the bacterium in tissue culture cells and in the ileal epithelia of pigs with proliferative enteropathy disease. Coculture of the organism with a rat enterocyte cell line allowed us to designate strain NCTC 12656 the type strain and to describe the new genus and species. The organism which we cultured is pathogenic for pigs and causes proliferative enteropathy lesions in their ilea and colons, and Koch's postulates were fulfilled for this organism.
              Article 0 comments Cited 41 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                M Jacobson
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Res Vet Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Res. Vet. Sci
                Title: Research in Veterinary Science
                Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0034-5288
                ISSN (Electronic): 1532-2661
                Publication date PMC-release: 8 February 2003
                Publication date (Print): April 2003
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 February 2003
                Volume: 74
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 163-169
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7018, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
                [b ]National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +46-18-67-14-75; fax: +46-18-67-29-19 magdalena.jacobson@ 123456kirmed.slu.se
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0034-5288(02)00187-X
                DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5288(02)00187-X
                PMC ID: 7127389
                PubMed ID: 12589741
                SO-VID: d267ee3c-c61a-4fa6-91c8-4feaf1c514fe
                Copyright © Copyright © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date accepted : 15 October 2002
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine

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