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      Structural and synthetic investigations of tanikolide dimer, a SIRT2 selective inhibitor, and tanikolide seco-acid from the Madagascar marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula.

      The Journal of Organic Chemistry
      Cyanobacteria, chemistry, Dimerization, Enzyme Inhibitors, isolation & purification, pharmacology, Humans, Lactones, Madagascar, Molecular Conformation, Molecular Structure, Sirtuin 2, antagonists & inhibitors, Stereoisomerism

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          Abstract

          Tanikolide seco-acid 2 and tanikolide dimer 3, the latter a novel and selective SIRT2 inhibitor, were isolated from the Madagascar marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. The structure of 2, isolated as the pure R enantiomer, was elucidated by X-ray experiment in conjunction with NMR and optical rotation data, whereas the depside molecular structure of 3 was initially thought to be a meso compound as established by NMR, MS, and chiral HPLC analyses. Subsequent total synthesis of the three tanikolide dimer stereoisomers 4, 5, and ent-5, followed by chiral GC-MS comparisons with the natural product, showed it to be exclusively the R,R-isomer 5. Tanikolide dimer 3 (= 5) inhibited SIRT2 with an IC(50) = 176 nM in one assay format and 2.4 microM in another. Stereochemical determination of symmetrical dimers such as compound 3 pose intriguing and subtle questions in structure elucidation and, as shown in the current work, are perhaps best answered in conjunction with total synthesis.

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