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      Le corticosurrénalome: une cause exceptionnelle d’hyperaldostéronisme primaire Translated title: Corticosurrenaloma: an exceptional cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

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          Abstract

          Le corticosurrénalome est une tumeur maligne rare de la cortico-surrénale. Il secrète souvent des corticostéroïdes, des stéroïdes sexuels et des précurseurs. Le corticosurrénalome producteur d'aldostérone est très rare, 1cas/10 millions d'habitants. Nous rapportons l'observation d'un homme de 38 ans se présentant pour hypertension artérielle sévère associée à une hypokaliémie profonde (2.2 mmol/l). L'exploration a conclu à un hyperaldostéronisme primaire (aldostérone = 2645pmol/l, rapport aldostérone/rénine = 327pmol/mUI), avec hypersécrétion de glucocorticoïdes. Le scanner abdomino-pelvien a montré une masse surrénalienne gauche de 9cm, mal limitée et hétérogène, infiltrant la graisse autour et le diaphragme, envahissant la veine rénale gauche, avec adénopathie régionale et nodule hépatique de 4 cm. Le patient a eu une néphrectomie élargie, suivie d'une hépatectomie droite deux mois après entrainant une rémission. Un an après le patient a développé des métastases pulmonaires. Nous concluons que l'hyperaldostéronisme primaire peut être un mode de révélation du corticosurrénalome, on devra y penser malgré son caractère exceptionnel.

          Translated abstract

          Corticosurrenaloma is a rare malignant tumor of the adrenal gland that often secretes corticosteroids, sex steroids and precursors. Aldosterone-producing corticosurrenaloma is very rare, accounting for 1 case/10million inhabitants. We report the case of a 38-year old man presenting with severe arterial hypertension associated with deep hypokalaemia (2.2 mmol/L). Exploration showed primary hyperaldosteronism (aldosterone = 2645 pmol/l, aldosterone/renin ratio = 327 pmol/MUI), with hypersecretion of glucocorticoids. Abdominopelvic CT scan revealed left poorly differentiated and heterogeneous adrenal mass measuring 9cm, infiltrating into the surrounding adipose tissue and the diaphragm, extending into the left renal vein, with regional adenopathy and hepatic nodule measuring 4cm. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy followed by right hepatectomy two months after resulting in remission. A year after the patient developed lung metastases. This study highlights that corticosurrenaloma should be suspected in patients with primary aldosteronism despite its rarity.

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          The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

          To develop clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with primary aldosteronism.
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            Limited prognostic value of the 2004 International Union Against Cancer staging classification for adrenocortical carcinoma: proposal for a Revised TNM Classification.

            Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy, and it was only in 2004 that the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) defined TNM criteria and published the first staging classification. However, to date, the prognostic value of the proposed classification has not been evaluated. The German ACC Registry comprising 492 patients was searched for patients who were diagnosed between 1986 and 2007 with detailed information on primary diagnosis and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Patients were assigned to UICC tumor stage, and disease-specific survival (DSS) was assessed. In addition, the contribution of potential risk factors for DSS was evaluated. In total, 416 patients with a mean follow-up of 36 months met the inclusion criteria (stage I, n=23 patients; stage II, n=176 patients; stage III, n=67 patients; stage IV, n=150 patients). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a stage-dependent DSS. However, DSS in patients with stage II ACC did not differ significantly from DSS in patients with stage III ACC (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-2.16). Furthermore, patients who had stage IV ACC without distant metastases had an improved DSS compared with patients who had metastatic disease (P=.004). An analysis of different potential risk factors for defining stage III ACC revealed important roles in DSS for tumor infiltration in surrounding tissue, venous tumor thrombus (VTT), and positive lymph nodes; whereas tumor invasion in adjacent organs carried a prognosis similar to that of infiltration in surrounding tissue only. The 2004 UICC staging classification for ACC has significant limitations. On the basis of the current analysis, a revised classification with superior prognostic accuracy is proposed (the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors classification). In this system, stage III ACC is defined by the presence of positive lymph nodes, infiltration of surrounding tissue, or VTT; and stage IV ACC is restricted to patients with distant metastasis. Copyright (c) 2009 American Cancer Society.
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              Clinical review: Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical update.

              Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and heterogeneous malignancy with incompletely understood pathogenesis and poor prognosis. Patients present with hormone excess (e.g. virilization, Cushing's syndrome) or a local mass effect (median tumor size at diagnosis > 10 cm). This paper reviews current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in ACC. Original articles and reviews were identified using a PubMed search strategy (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi) covering the time period up until November 2005. The following search terms were used in varying combinations: adrenal, adrenocortical, cancer, carcinoma, tumor, diagnosis, imaging, treatment, radiotherapy, mitotane, cytotoxic, surgery. Tumors typically appear inhomogeneous in both computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with necroses and irregular borders and differ from benign adenomas by their low fat content. Hormonal analysis reveals evidence of steroid hormone secretion by the tumor in the majority of cases, even in seemingly hormonally inactive lesions. Histopathology is crucial for the diagnosis of malignancy and may also provide important prognostic information. In stages I-III open surgery by an expert surgeon aiming at an R0 resection is the treatment of choice. Local recurrence is frequent, particularly after violation of the tumor capsule. Surgery also plays a role in local tumor recurrence and metastatic disease. In patients not amenable to surgery, mitotane (alone or in combination with cytotoxic drugs) remains the treatment of choice. Monitoring of drug levels (therapeutic range 14-20 mg/liter) is mandatory for optimum results. In advanced disease, the most promising therapeutic options (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin plus mitotane, and streptozotocin plus mitotane) are currently being compared in an international phase III trial (www.firm-act.org). Adjuvant treatment options after complete tumor removal (e.g. mitotane, radiotherapy) are urgently needed because postoperative disease-free survival at 5 yr is only around 30%, but options have still not been convincingly established. National registries, international cooperations, and trials provide important new structures for patients but also for researchers aiming at systematic and continuous progress in ACC. However, future advances in the management of ACC will mainly depend on a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis facilitating the use of modern cancer treatments (e.g. tyrosine kinase inhibitors).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                27 September 2018
                2018
                : 31
                : 60
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine Interne, Hôpital Tahar Sfar, Mahdia, Tunisie
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Baha Zantour, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine Interne, Hôpital Tahar Sfar, Mahdia, Tunisie
                Article
                PAMJ-31-60
                10.11604/pamj.2018.31.60.16973
                6431414
                d27b2531-7f62-4434-951c-8360533bac0b
                © Baha Zantour et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 01 September 2018
                : 15 September 2018
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                corticosurrénalome malin,hyperaldostéronisme primaire,surrénale,malignant corticosurrenaloma,primary hyperaldosteronism,adrenal

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