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      D4V: a peer-to-peer architecture for data dissemination in smartphone-based vehicular applications

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          Abstract

          Vehicular data collection applications are emerging as an appealing technology to monitor urban areas, where a high concentration of connected vehicles with onboard sensors is a near future scenario. In this context, smartphones are, on one side, effective enablers of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) applications and, on the other side, highly sophisticated sensing platforms. In this paper, we introduce an effective and efficient system, denoted as D4V, to disseminate vehicle-related information and sensed data using smartphones as V2I devices. D4V relies on a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay scheme, denoted as Distributed Geographic Table (DGT), which unifies the concepts of physical and virtual neighborhoods in a scalable and robust infrastructure for application-level services. First, we investigate the discovery procedure of the DGT overlay network, through analytical and simulation results. Then, we present and discuss an extensive simulation-based performance evaluation (considering relevant performance indicators) of the D4V system, in a 4G wireless communication scenario. The simulation methodology combines DEUS (an application-level simulation tool for the study of large-scale systems) with ns-3 (a well-known network simulator, which takes into account lower layers), in order to provide a D4V proof-of-concept. The observed results show that D4V-based information sharing among vehicles allows to significantly reduce risks and nuisances (e.g., due to road defects and congestions).

          Most cited references64

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          Congested Traffic States in Empirical Observations and Microscopic Simulations

          We present data from several German freeways showing different kinds of congested traffic forming near road inhomogeneities, specifically lane closings, intersections, or uphill gradients. The states are localized or extended, homogeneous or oscillating. Combined states are observed as well, like the coexistence of moving localized clusters and clusters pinned at road inhomogeneities, or regions of oscillating congested traffic upstream of nearly homogeneous congested traffic. The experimental findings are consistent with a recently proposed theoretical phase diagram for traffic near on-ramps [D. Helbing, A. Hennecke, and M. Treiber, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 82}, 4360 (1999)]. We simulate these situations with a novel continuous microscopic single-lane model, the ``intelligent driver model'' (IDM), using the empirical boundary conditions. All observations, including the coexistence of states, are qualitatively reproduced by describing inhomogeneities with local variations of one model parameter. We show that the results of the microscopic model can be understood by formulating the theoretical phase diagram for bottlenecks in a more general way. In particular, a local drop of the road capacity induced by parameter variations has practically the same effect as an on-ramp.
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            Kademlia: A Peer-to-Peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric

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              Metastable states in a microscopic model of traffic flow

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                peerj-cs
                PeerJ Computer Science
                PeerJ Comput. Sci.
                PeerJ Inc. (San Francisco, USA )
                2376-5992
                19 August 2015
                : 1
                : e15
                Affiliations
                [-1] Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Parma , Italy
                Article
                cs-15
                10.7717/peerj-cs.15
                d287cb81-c0a6-4468-ba61-0762fac68575
                © 2015 Picone et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Computer Science) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Computer Science) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

                History
                : 6 May 2015
                : 19 July 2015
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
                Funded by: The Israeli Industry Center for R&D (Israel)
                Funded by: Guglielmo srl, Reggio Emilia, Italy
                The work of G Ferrari was partially supported under the one-year project “Cross-Network Effective Traffic Alerts Dissemination” (X-NETAD, Eureka Label E! 6252, 2011–2012), sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy) and The Israeli Industry Center for R&D (Israel) under the “Israel-Italy Joint Innovation Program for Industrial, Scientific and Technological Cooperation in R&D.” The work of Marco Picone is supported by Guglielmo srl, Reggio Emilia, Italy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Computer Networks and Communications
                Distributed and Parallel Computing
                Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

                Computer science
                Vehicular Sensor Networks (VSNs),Smartphones,Peer-to-Peer (P2P),Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I),Localization

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