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      Root wood anatomy of 14 Brazilian Cerrado species Translated title: Anatomía de la madera de raíz de 14 especies del Cerrado Brasileño

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          Abstract

          SUMMARY: Studies on root wood anatomy are scarce, mainly due to the lack of commercial interest and the difficulty to collect. In Brazilian Cerrado, local craftsmen use root wood for marquetry, the manufacture of such small items as lampshades or ornaments, and table bases. However, taxonomy based on root wood can serve as a guide toward the conservation and management of tree stocks in urban environment. Therefore, we herein describe the root wood anatomy of 14 tree species that occur in the Brazilian Cerrado. To accomplish this, we studied samples from main sinker root, at a depth of about 20 cm, from 37 trees aged 5 to 10 years. Anatomical procedures followed the standard techniques for preparation and analyses of wood samples. We used stem or branch samples from other studies to carry out anatomical description and comparison. However, we encountered some problems, such as: difficulty to distinguish growth rings, sample processing and, in some cases, sample description, since quantity, distribution and type of axial parenchyma differed substantially from that of the main stem. Nonetheless, we did find a variation in the presence/absence of septate fibers among the samples, and noted differences in ray composition.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN: Los estudios sobre la anatomía de la madera de raíz son escasos, principalmente por la falta de interés comercial y la dificultad de recolección. En el Cerrado brasileño, los artesanos locales utilizan la madera de raíz para la marquetería, la fabricación de objetos pequeños como pantallas de lámparas o adornos, y la base de la mesa. Sin embargo, la taxonomía basada en la madera de raíz puede servir como una guía para la conservación y el manejo de las reservas de árboles en entornos urbanos. Por lo tanto, se describió la anatomía de la raíz de la madera de 14 especies de árboles que se encuentran en el Cerrado brasileño. Se estudiaron muestras de la raíz principal, a una profundidad de aproximadamente 20 cm, de 37 árboles de 5 a 10 años. Los procedimientos anatómicos siguieron las técnicas estándar para la preparación y el análisis de muestras de madera. Se utilizaron muestras de tallo o rama de otros estudios para llevar a cabo la descripción anatómica y la comparación. Sin embargo, se encontraron algunos problemas, tales como: los anillos de crecimiento difíciles de distinguir; además, era problemático procesar la muestra y, en algunos casos, describirla dado que la cantidad, distribución y tipo de parénquima axial difería sustancialmente de la del tallo principal. No obstante, se encontró una variación en la presencia/ausencia de fibras septadas entre las muestras, y también diferencias en la composición de los radios.

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          Most cited references19

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          Hydraulic lift: consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants

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            Preparation of Thin Sections of Synthetic Resins and Wood-Resin Composites, and a New Macerating Method for Wood

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              How to study deep roots—and why it matters

              The drivers underlying the development of deep root systems, whether genetic or environmental, are poorly understood but evidence has accumulated that deep rooting could be a more widespread and important trait among plants than commonly anticipated from their share of root biomass. Even though a distinct classification of “deep roots” is missing to date, deep roots provide important functions for individual plants such as nutrient and water uptake but can also shape plant communities by hydraulic lift (HL). Subterranean fauna and microbial communities are highly influenced by resources provided in the deep rhizosphere and deep roots can influence soil pedogenesis and carbon storage.Despite recent technological advances, the study of deep roots and their rhizosphere remains inherently time-consuming, technically demanding and costly, which explains why deep roots have yet to be given the attention they deserve. While state-of-the-art technologies are promising for laboratory studies involving relatively small soil volumes, they remain of limited use for the in situ observation of deep roots. Thus, basic techniques such as destructive sampling or observations at transparent interfaces with the soil (e.g., root windows) which have been known and used for decades to observe roots near the soil surface, must be adapted to the specific requirements of deep root observation. In this review, we successively address major physical, biogeochemical and ecological functions of deep roots to emphasize the significance of deep roots and to illustrate the yet limited knowledge. In the second part we describe the main methodological options to observe and measure deep roots, providing researchers interested in the field of deep root/rhizosphere studies with a comprehensive overview. Addressed methodologies are: excavations, trenches and soil coring approaches, minirhizotrons (MR), access shafts, caves and mines, and indirect approaches such as tracer-based techniques.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bosque
                Bosque (Valdivia)
                Bosque (Valdivia)
                Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales (Valdivia, , Chile )
                0717-9200
                2019
                : 40
                : 1
                : 29-39
                Affiliations
                [2] Brasilia Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília orgdiv2Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Brazil
                [1] São Paulo SP orgnameInstituto Florestal orgdiv1Divisão de Dasonomia Brazil
                Article
                S0717-92002019000100029
                d2894fe9-4616-4632-98df-6ecceb7ab615

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 December 2018
                : 20 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICLES

                xylem anatomy,tropical wood,Cerrado species,anatomía del xilema,identificación de madera,madera tropical,especies de Cerrado,wood identification

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