Research policies and scientific production: A study of 94 Peruvian universities

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Abstract

Studies of research policies and scientific production are essential for strengthening educational systems and achieving objectives such as quality improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of research policies on the scientific production of public and private Peruvian universities. An observational, descriptive, secondary analysis study of the research policies of 92 universities and two graduate schools licensed by the National Superintendence of Higher Education of Peru (SUNEDU) was conducted for the period from 2016–2020. Scientific publications from educational institutions were collected from Scopus and Web of Science for the study period, and researchers certified by the National Council of Science and Technology of Peru (CONCYTEC) were divided by group and level. Multiple regression analysis was performed using two models. The analysis indicated that research policies did not influence scientific production in Scopus or Web of Science in either 2019 or 2020 (Model I) but that type of management (p < 0.01), number of National Scientific, Technological, and Technological Innovation Registry (RENACYT) researchers (p < 0.001) and 2016 scientific production (p < 0.001) did influence production when these variables were incorporated into the model (Model II). However, time of licensing and management type had no effects. The number of research policies implemented by Peruvian universities and licensed graduate schools was not large. Therefore, it is recommended that project funding policies, research training, and research collaboration be strengthened and that the management capacity of research centers and institutes be increased.

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Most cited references 41

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Growth rates of modern science: A bibliometric analysis based on the number of publications and cited references

Lutz Bornmann, Rüdiger Mutz (2015)

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Trends and comparison of female first authorship in high impact medical journals: observational study (1994-2014)

Giovanni Filardo, Briget da Graca, Danielle Sass … (2016)

Objective To examine changes in representation of women among first authors of original research published in high impact general medical journals from 1994 to 2014 and investigate differences between journals. Design Observational study. Study sample All original research articles published in Annals of Internal Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine, The BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) for one issue every alternate month from February 1994 to June 2014. Main exposures Time and journal of publication. Main outcome measures Prevalence of female first authorship and its adjusted association with time of publication and journal, assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model that accounted for number of authors, study type and specialty/topic, continent where the study was conducted, and the interactions between journal and time of publication, study type, and continent. Estimates from this model were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios against the mean across the six journals, with 95% confidence intervals and P values to describe the associations of interest. Results The gender of the first author was determined for 3758 of the 3860 articles considered; 1273 (34%) were women. After adjustment, female first authorship increased significantly from 27% in 1994 to 37% in 2014 (P<0.001). The NEJM seemed to follow a different pattern, with female first authorship decreasing; it also seemed to decline in recent years in The BMJ but started substantially higher (approximately 40%), and The BMJ had the highest total proportion of female first authors. Compared with the mean across all six journals, first authors were significantly less likely to be female in the NEJM (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.53 to 0.89) and significantly more likely to be female in The BMJ (1.30, 1.01 to 1.66) over the study period. Conclusions The representation of women among first authors of original research in high impact general medical journals was significantly higher in 2014 than 20 years ago, but it has plateaued in recent years and has declined in some journals. These results, along with the significant differences seen between journals, suggest that underrepresentation of research by women in high impact journals is still an important concern. The underlying causes need to be investigated to help to identify practices and strategies to increase women’s influence on and contributions to the evidence that will determine future healthcare policies and standards of clinical practice.

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Gender disparities in high-quality research revealed by Nature Index journals

Michael Bendels, Ruth Müller, Doerthe Brueggmann … (2018)

Background The present study aims to elucidate the state of gender equality in high-quality research by analyzing the representation of female authorships in the last decade (from 2008 to 2016). Methods Based on the Gendermetrics platform, 293,557 research articles from 54 journals listed in the Nature Index were considered covering the categories Life Science, Multidisciplinary, Earth & Environmental and Chemistry. The core method was the combined analysis of the proportion of female authorships and the female-to-male odds ratio for first, co- and last authorships. The distribution of prestigious authorships was measured by the Prestige Index. Results 29.8% of all authorships and 33.1% of the first, 31.8% of the co- and 18.1% of the last authorships were held by women. The corresponding female-to-male odds ratio is 1.19 (CI: 1.18–1.20) for first, 1.35 (CI: 1.34–1.36) for co- and 0.47 (CI: 0.46–0.48) for last authorships. Women are underrepresented at prestigious authorships compared to men (Prestige Index = -0.42). The underrepresentation accentuates in highly competitive articles attracting the highest citation rates, namely, articles with many authors and articles that were published in highest-impact journals. More specifically, a large negative correlation between the 5-Year-Impact-Factor of a journal and the female representation at prestigious authorships was revealed (r(52) = -.63, P < .001). Women publish fewer articles compared to men (39.0% female authors are responsible for 29.8% of all authorships) and are underrepresented at productivity levels of more than 2 articles per author. Articles with female key authors are less frequently cited than articles with male key authors. The gender-specific differences in citation rates increase the more authors contribute to an article. Distinct differences at the journal, journal category, continent and country level were revealed. The prognosis for the next decades forecast a very slow harmonization of authorships odds between the two genders.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Pablo Alejandro Millones-Gómez:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-0940

Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing

Judith Soledad Yangali-Vicente: Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft

Claudia Milagros Arispe-Alburqueque:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-4655

Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Validation

Oriana Rivera-Lozada: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Visualization

Kriss Melody Calla-Vásquez: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Visualization

Roger Damaso Calla-Poma: Role: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing

Margarita Fe Requena-Mendizábal: Role: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing

Carlos Alberto Minchón-Medina: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Validation

Isabel Novo-Cortí: Role: Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One

Journal ID (publisher-id): plos

Journal ID (pmc): plosone

Title: PLoS ONE

Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )

ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203

Publication date (Electronic): 28 May 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 16

Issue: 5

Electronic Location Identifier: e0252410

Affiliations

[1 ] Postgraduate School, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú

[2 ] Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú

[3 ] South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú

[4 ] Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú

[5 ] Faculty of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Statistics, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú

Universidade da Coruna, SPAIN

Author notes

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

* E-mail: pablodent@ 123456hotmail.com

Author information

Pablo Alejandro Millones-Gómez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-0940

Claudia Milagros Arispe-Alburqueque https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-4655

Article

Publisher ID: PONE-D-20-37631

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252410

PMC ID: 8162649

PubMed ID: 34048496

SO-VID: d2948486-432e-4a4e-baf9-ae2602346b29

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 22 December 2020

Date accepted : 17 May 2021

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Pages: 15

Funding

Funded by: Research Competition Fund-UPNW

Award ID: 076-2020

Award Recipient :

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-0940

Pablo Alejandro Millones-Gómez

This work was funded by grants from Universidad Norbert Wiener ( https://www.uwiener.edu.pe/) (076-2020-R-UPNW (PMG)). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Custom metadata

Data Availability The data underlying the results presented in the study are available from: SUNEDU: https://www.sunedu.gob.pe/avances-licenciamiento/ Renacyt: http://renacyt.concytec.gob.pe/ Scopus: https://www.scopus.com/ Web of Science: www.webofknowledge.com.

Research policies and scientific production: A study of 94 Peruvian universities

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