3
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Hourly elemental concentrations in PM<sub>2.5</sub> aerosols sampled simultaneously at urban background and road site during SAPUSS – diurnal variations and PMF receptor modelling

      , , , , , , ,
      Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
      Copernicus GmbH

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          <p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Hourly-resolved aerosol chemical speciation data can be a highly powerful tool to determine the source origin of atmospheric pollutants in urban environments. Aerosol mass concentrations of seventeen elements (Na, Mg, Al, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr and Pb) were obtained by time (1 h) and size (PM<sub>2.5</sub> particulate matter < 2.5 μm) resolved aerosol samples analysed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) measurements. In the Marie Curie European Union framework of SAPUSS (Solving Aerosol Problems by Using Synergistic Strategies), the approach used is the simultaneous sampling at two monitoring sites in Barcelona (Spain) during September–October 2010: an urban background site (UB) and a street canyon traffic road site (RS). Elements related to primary non-exhaust traffic emission (Fe, Cu), dust resuspension (Ca) and anthropogenic Cl were found enhanced at the RS, whereas industrial related trace metals (Zn, Pb, Mn) were found at higher concentrations at the more ventilated UB site. When receptor modelling was performed with positive matrix factorization (PMF), nine different aerosol sources were identified at both sites: three types of regional aerosols (regional sulphate (S) – 27%, biomass burning (K) – 5%, sea salt (Na-Mg) – 17%), three types of dust aerosols (soil dust (Al-Ti) – 17%, urban crustal dust (Ca) – 6%, and primary traffic non-exhaust brake dust (Fe-Cu) – 7%), and three types of industrial aerosol plumes-like events (shipping oil combustion (V-Ni) – 17%, industrial smelters (Zn-Mn) – 3%, and industrial combustion (Pb-Cl) – 5%, percentages presented are average source contributions to the total elemental mass measured). The validity of the PMF solution of the PIXE data is supported by very good correlations with external single particle mass spectrometry measurements. Some important conclusions can be drawn about the PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass fraction simultaneously measured at the UB and RS sites: (1) the regional aerosol sources impact both monitoring sites at similar concentrations regardless their different ventilation conditions; (2) by contrast, local industrial aerosol plumes associated with shipping oil combustion and smelters activities have a higher impact on the more ventilated UB site; (3) a unique source of Pb-Cl (associated with combustion emissions) is found to be the major (82%) source of fine Cl in the urban agglomerate; (4) the mean diurnal variation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> primary traffic non-exhaust brake dust (Fe-Cu) suggests that this source is mainly emitted and not resuspended, whereas PM<sub>2.5</sub> urban dust (Ca) is found mainly resuspended by both traffic vortex and sea breeze; (5) urban dust (Ca) is found the aerosol source most affected by land wetness, reduced by a factor of eight during rainy days and suggesting that wet roads may be a solution for reducing urban dust concentrations.</p>

          Related collections

          Most cited references46

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska: 2. Elemental composition and sources

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              A European aerosol phenomenology – 3: Physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matter from 60 rural, urban, and kerbside sites across Europe

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
                Atmos. Chem. Phys.
                Copernicus GmbH
                1680-7324
                2013
                April 26 2013
                : 13
                : 8
                : 4375-4392
                Article
                10.5194/acp-13-4375-2013
                d29e7f32-3c06-4ef0-82cf-02903f9781f6
                © 2013

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article