Objectiv To analyze the characteristics of atmospheric fine particulate pollutants in Shenyang city of Liaoning province and to provide a reference for developing and implementing long-term effective measures for fog and haze control.
Methods Twenty-four hours continuous sampling was conducted to collect atmospheric particulate matter≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) at two representative sampling points consecutively for 7 days monthly (from 10th to 16th in a month) in Shenyang city of Liaoning province from September 2016 to December 2017. Four categories of 33 pollutants in PM2.5 samples (including 12 heavy metals, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], and 4 water-soluble ions) were detected at Department of Physical and Chemical Detection of Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Results The average daily mass concentration of PM2.5 during the 16-month period in the city was 62.4 μg/m3 and was under the Ambient Air Quality Standard of China (75 μg/m 3); but the PM2.5 daily average concentration in the winter season was 99.8 μg/m 3 and was above the national standard. The rank order for the average concentration of 12 heavy metals in the PM2.5 samples from high to low was aluminum, lead, manganese, chromium, arsenic, antimony, selenium, nickel, cadmium, thallium, mercury, and beryllium; among the metals, the concentration of arsenic was 5.96 ng/m 3 and was close to the reference limit of the Ambient Air Quality Standard of China (6.00 ng/m 3). The average total concentration of 16 PAHs in PM2.5 samples was the highest in winter season, followed by that in spring, autumn, and summer seasons; among the 16 PAHs, annual concentration of benzo[a]pyrene was 3.58 ng/m 3 and was higher than the reference limit concentration of the Ambient Air Quality Standard of China (1.0 ng/m 3). Among the four water-soluble ions, daily average concentration of SO 4 2- was the highest, followed by that of NO 3 -, NH 4 +, and Cl -.
Conclusion The concentration of atmospheric fine particulate pollutants is higher in winter season and some of the pollutants may result in carcinogenic risk in Shenyang city of Liaoning province.
【摘 要】 目的 了解辽宁省沈阳市环境雾霾特征，为政府制定实施长期有效的雾霾治理政策提供参考依据。 方法 于 2016 年 9 月 — 2017 年 12 月每月的 10 — 16 日在辽宁省沈阳市选取的 2 个具有代表性的采样点采集 7 d 24 h PM 2.5 样品，送辽宁省疾病预防中心理化实验室进行 PM 2.5 的质量浓度及 PM 2.5 中 12 种重金属元素、16 种多环芳烃化合物和 4 种无机水溶性离子共四大类 33 个项目的检测。 结果 辽宁省沈阳市 2016 年 9 月 — 2017 年 12 月 PM 2.5 的日均质量浓度为 62.4 μg/m 3，低于中国环境空气质量二级标准限值的 75 μg/m 3，但冬季 PM 2.5 的日均质量浓度（99.8 μg/m 3）超过中国环境空气质量二级标准限值； PM 2.5 中 12 种重金属元素年均浓度从高到低依次为铝 > 铅 > 锰 >铬 > 砷 > 锑 > 硒 > 镍 > 镉 > 铊 > 汞 > 铍，其中砷的浓度（5.96 ng/m 3）接近于国家环境空气质量标准中的参考浓度限值（6.00 ng/m 3）；PM 2.5 中16 种多环芳烃化合物四季变化为冬季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 夏季，其中苯并[a]芘的年均浓度（3.58 ng/m 3），高于中国环境空气质量二级标准限值（1.0 ng/m 3）；PM 2.5 中 4 种无机水溶性离子日均浓度从高到低依次为硫酸盐 > 硝酸盐 > 铵盐 > 氯离子。 结论 辽宁省沈阳市冬季雾霾较严重，存在一定程度致癌风险。