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      Reference equation for spirometry interpretation for Eastern India

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Spirometry measurements are interpreted by comparing with reference values for healthy individuals that have been derived from multiple regression equations from earlier studies. There are only two such studies from Eastern India, both by Chatterjee et al., one each for males and females. These are however single center and approximately two decades old studies.

          Aims:

          (1) to formulate a new regression equation for predicting FEV 1 and FVC for eastern India and (2) to compare the results to the previous two studies by Chatterjee et al.

          Materials and Methods:

          Healthy nonsmokers were recruited through health camps under the initiative of four large hospitals of Kolkata. Predicted equations were derived for FEV 1, FVC and FEV 1/FVC in males and females separately using multiple linear regression, which were then compared with the older equations using Bland-Altman method.

          Results:

          The Bland-Altman analyses show that the mean bias for females for FVC was 0.39 L (95% limits of agreement 1.32 to −0.54 L) and for FEV1 was 0.334 L (95% limits of agreement of 1.08 to –0.41 L). For males the mean bias for FEV1 was –0.141 L, (95% limits of agreement 0.88 to –1.16 L) while that for FVC was –0.112 L (95% limits of agreement 0.80 to –1.08 L).

          Conclusion:

          New updated regression equations are needed for predicting reference values for spirometry interpretation. The regression equations proposed in this study may be considered appropriate for use in current practice for eastern India until further studies are available.

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          Most cited references14

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          Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement.

          In clinical measurement comparison of a new measurement technique with an established one is often needed to see whether they agree sufficiently for the new to replace the old. Such investigations are often analysed inappropriately, notably by using correlation coefficients. The use of correlation is misleading. An alternative approach, based on graphical techniques and simple calculations, is described, together with the relation between this analysis and the assessment of repeatability.
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            Epidemiology Standardization Project (American Thoracic Society).

            B G Ferris (1978)
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              Age, period, and cohort effects on pulmonary function in a 24-year longitudinal study.

              This paper proposes the use of two-factor models (age-period and age-cohort models) to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on pulmonary function by using the data collected in a 24-year longitudinal study in the Netherlands from 1965 to 1990. The analysis included 18,363 pulmonary function measurements on 6,148 subjects aged 20-54 years at the initial visit. The subjects were grouped into four birth cohorts (before 1923, 1923-1934, 1935-1946, and after 1946) and four survey periods (1965-1972, 1973-1978, 1979-1984, and 1985-1990). In the age-cohort model, the decrement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) associated with a yearly increase in age was 28.3 +/- 3.7 ml/year for a man 176 cm tall and 16.0 +/- 1.9 ml/year for a woman 163 cm tall. The estimated acceleration of decline with aging was significant for both men (beta = -0.212; standard error = 0.079 ml) and women (beta = -0.346; standard error = 0.058 ml). Compared with that of the cohort born before 1923, the average level of FEV1 was estimated to increase by 156, 277, and 379 ml, respectively, for the three younger cohorts in men (p = 0.01) and by 133, 213, and 328 ml for the three younger cohorts in women (p < 0.01). In the age-period model, the estimated linear age effect on FEV1 was 36.2 +/- 4.2 ml/year for a man and 30.5 +/- 2.3 ml/year for a woman. The age quadratic term was significant for women, but not for men. Average FEV1 was estimated to be increased by 141, 169, and 250 ml, respectively, for the periods 1973-1978, 1979-1984, and 1985-1990 in men and by 131, 138, and 219 ml in women. These period effects were significant for both men and women. In summary, this study applied the two-factor models to estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of aging on FEV1 and demonstrated significant period and cohort effects, which could be attributed in part to changes in air pollutants, respiratory infections, vaccinations, types of cigarettes, diet, and lifestyles over time.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Lung India
                Lung India
                LI
                Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0970-2113
                0974-598X
                Jan-Feb 2015
                : 32
                : 1
                : 34-39
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Pulmonary Medicine, BR Singh Hospital and Centre for Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
                [1 ] Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Allergy, Asthma and Bronchitis Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Angira Dasgupta, 559, Block N, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053, West Bengal, India. E-mail: angiradasgupta@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                LI-32-34
                10.4103/0970-2113.148443
                4298915
                25624594
                d2d0975f-db9c-4828-843e-39f4660ab2ec
                Copyright: © Lung India

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Original Article

                Respiratory medicine
                eastern india,reference equation,spirometry
                Respiratory medicine
                eastern india, reference equation, spirometry

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