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      Cellular proton dynamics in Elodea canadensis leaves induced by cadmium.

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          Abstract

          Our earlier investigations showed that Elodea canadensis shoots, grown in the presence of cadmium (Cd), caused basification of the surrounding medium. The present study was aimed to examine the proton dynamics of the apoplastic, cytosolic and vacuolar regions of E. canadensis leaves upon Cd exposure and to establish possible linkage between cellular pH changes and the medium basification. The changes in cytosolic calcium [Ca(2+)]cyt was also investigated as the [Ca(2+)]cyt and [pH]cyt homeostasis are closely linked. The cellular H(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations were monitored by fluorescence microscopy and ion-specific fluorescent dyes. Cadmium concentration of leaf-cell walls was measured after plant cultivation at different fixed levels of starting pH. The protoplasts from E. canadensis leaves were isolated by use of a newly developed enzymatic method. Upon Cd addition, both cytosolic and vacuolar pH of leaf protoplasts increased with a concomitant rise in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. Time course studies revealed that changes in [Ca(2+)]cyt and [pH]cyt followed similar dynamics. Cadmium (0.5 μM) exposure decreased the apoplastic pH by 0.85 units. The maximum cell wall bound Cd-contents were obtained in plants grown at low starting pH. It is concluded that Cd treatment causes apoplastic acidosis in E. canadensis leaves associated with enhanced Cd binding to the cell walls and, consequently, reduced Cd influx into the cytosol.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Plant Physiol. Biochem.
          Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
          1873-2690
          0981-9428
          Apr 2014
          : 77
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: mtariqjaved@gcuf.edu.pk.
          [2 ] Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
          Article
          S0981-9428(14)00023-0
          10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.009
          24525352
          d2f787d1-02a2-44d6-8ba3-5b66c37a191d
          Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
          History

          Cadmium,Apoplastic pH,Cytosolic Ca(2+),Cytosolic pH,Proton dynamics,Protoplast,Vacuolar pH

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