Insulin Secretion and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Monosodium  L -Glutamate-Induced Obese Mice

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Abstract

Objective: Pancreatic islets isolated from mice treated neonatally with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) were used to study insulin secretion. Material and Methods: Total acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity of tissue extract was measured as a cholinergic activity marker. Obesity recorded in 90-day-old MSG mice (OM) by Lee index reached 366.40 ± 1.70, compared to control mice (CM) 324.40 ± 1.10 (p < 0.0001). Glucose 5.6 m M induced insulin secretion of 36 ± 5 pg/15 min from islets of CM and 86 ± 13 from OM (p < 0.001). When glucose was raised to 16.7 m M, islets from OM secreted 1,271 ± 215 and 1,017 ± 112 pg/30 min to CM. AchE activity of pancreas from OM was 0.64 ± 0.02 nmol of substrate hydrolyzed/min/mg of tissue and 0.52 ± 0.01 to CM (p < 0.0001). Liver of obese animals also presented increase of AchE activity. Results: These indicate that OM insulin oversecretion in low glucose may be attributed, at least in part, to an enhancement of parasympathetic tonus.

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Acetylcholinesterase staining and choline acetyltransferase activity in the young adult rat spleen: lack of evidence for cholinergic innervation.

Jessica Bellinger, D L Felten, S Felten … (1993)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining in spleens from young adult Sprague-Dawley rats was examined following several denervation paradigms to determine the source of splenic AChE+ nerve fibers. In spleens from all control groups, AChE+ neural-like profiles were present along the vasculature and in the trabeculae. AChE+ reactivity also was present in lymphoid and reticular cells in the spleen, and in neuronal cell bodies in the superior mesenteric-coeliac ganglion (SM-CG). Neurochemical analysis revealed no significant choline acetyltransferase activity in spleens from control animals. Surgical removal of the SM-CG resulted in a total loss of both noradrenergic (NA) and AChE+ nerve profiles, as well as a loss of AChE staining in nonneural compartment in the spleen. On Days 1 and 3 after treatment, chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine also resulted in a loss of both NA and AChE nerve profiles in the spleen, except for a few resistant fibers in the hilar region. AChE reactivity in nonneural compartments also was diminished in chemically denervated regions of the spleen. AChE staining in both neural and nonneural profiles progressively increased from 10 to 56 days after chemical sympathectomy, with a time course and distribution pattern similar to NA fibers reinnervating the spleen. AChE+ staining was preserved following bilateral vagal nerve transection. The miniscule splenic levels of choline acetyltransferase suggest that at best, only a small density of cholinergic nerves distribute to the rat spleen. Further, what cholinergic innervation is present does not arise from the vagus nerve as suggested in the earlier literature. Collectively, the overlapping distribution of AChE+ and NA nerve profiles in spleen and parallel loss of both population of nerve fibers following surgical and chemical sympathectomy support the presence of AChE in NA nerves colocalized with norepinephrine, and thus make AChE+ staining an inappropriate marker for cholinergic innervation in the rat spleen.

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Components of hypothalamic obesity: bipiperidyl-mustard lesions add hyperphagia to monosodium glutamate-induced hyperinsulinemia.

Andrew Scallet, John Olney (1986)

Rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions in the general region of the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nucleus develop hyperinsulinemia, excessive food intake and obesity. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) destroys neurons of the arcuate hypothalamic (AH) nucleus and produces hyperinsulinemic but hypophagic obesity. Bipiperidyl mustard (BPM) primarily destroys VMH neurons, but has produced only a slight obesity even when rats were maintained on high-fat diets. In the present study, rats treated with MSG (AH lesion) were hyperinsulinemic, moderately obese and hypophagic; BPM rats (primarily VMH lesion) were not different from controls when fed standard chow diets. However, MSG/BPM rats (AH + VMH lesion) were hyperinsulinemic, massively obese and hyperphagic. Thus, two components of the electrolytic lesion syndrome previously attributed to VMH damage (hyperinsulinemia and obesity) were reproduced simply by MSG treatment alone. The third component (hyperphagia) occurred only when both AH and VMH were lesioned, suggesting that neurons in both nuclei may perform a satiety function and may be able to substitute for one another in this respect. Since MSG treatment is required for all components of both obesity syndromes described here, this underscores the importance of MSG-sensitive neurons in mechanisms of obesity. The combined treatment approach also represents the first rat model of hyperinsulinemic, hyperphagic obesity that can be entirely produced by systemic administration of neurotoxins.

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Comparison of dna contents of visceral organs in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and fed a high fat diet

Takayoshi Kiba, Katsuaki Tanaka, Shuji Inoue … (1991)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): HRE

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Horm Res Paediatr

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1663-2818

Title: Hormone Research in Paediatrics

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 1663-2818

ISSN (Electronic): 1663-2826

Publication date Subscription-year: 2000

Publication date (Print): 2000

Publication date (Electronic): 22 June 2001

Volume: 54

Issue: 4

Pages: 186-191

Affiliations

Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Maringá, Brazil

Article

Publisher ID: 53257 Other ID: Horm Res 2000;54:186–191

DOI: 10.1159/000053257

PubMed ID: 11416236

SO-VID: d308024b-9f85-4741-b395-ef91f7b2e899

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Insulin Secretion and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Monosodium L-Glutamate-Induced Obese Mice

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Karger: Endocrinology

Most cited references 5

Acetylcholinesterase staining and choline acetyltransferase activity in the young adult rat spleen: lack of evidence for cholinergic innervation.

Components of hypothalamic obesity: bipiperidyl-mustard lesions add hyperphagia to monosodium glutamate-induced hyperinsulinemia.

Comparison of dna contents of visceral organs in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and fed a high fat diet

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