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      Hypertension, diabetes and poverty among Latinx immigrants in New York City: implications for COVID-19

      research-article
      Kamyar Arasteh
      International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care
      Emerald Publishing
      COVID-19, Access to health care, Health disparities, Latinx immigrants

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected Latinx immigrant neighborhoods in New York City (NYC) disproportionately. Poverty, hypertension and diabetes have been associated with adverse COIVD-19 outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence of these COVID-19 vulnerabilities among Latinx immigrants in NYC.

          Design/methodology/approach

          Data were obtained from the 2018 New York City Community Health Survey. The relation between Latinx immigrant status and study outcomes was assessed in univariate and multivariable regression models.

          Findings

          Latinx immigrants were 1.3 times (95% confidence interval: 1.2–1.5) more likely to have hypertension and 2.5 times (95% confidence interval: 1.9–3.2) to have diabetes, compared to the US-born Whites after adjusting for age. They were 46.5 times (95% confidence interval: 24.3–88.8) more likely to live in a neighborhood with high poverty, eight times more likely (95% confidence interval: 5.5–11.6) not to have had enough food in the previous six months and 1.4 times more likely (95% confidence interval: 1.2–1.6) to lack health insurance coverage, compared to the US-born Whites.

          Practical implications

          These findings highlight the greater vulnerabilities of Latinx immigrants in NYC to COVID-19 in the year prior to the pandemic. Poverty, food insecurity, hostile immigration policies and lack of access to health care exacerbate health disparities among Latinx immigrants in NYC.

          Originality/value

          This study provides a public health perspective for understanding the association of health disparities and socioeconomic conditions of Latinx immigrants in NYC.

          Related collections

          Most cited references40

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          Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area

          There is limited information describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes of US patients requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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            COVID-19 and African Americans

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              Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data.

              Reliable information about the prevalence of hypertension in different world regions is essential to the development of national and international health policies for prevention and control of this condition. We aimed to pool data from different regions of the world to estimate the overall prevalence and absolute burden of hypertension in 2000, and to estimate the global burden in 2025. We searched the published literature from Jan 1, 1980, to Dec 31, 2002, using MEDLINE, supplemented by a manual search of bibliographies of retrieved articles. We included studies that reported sex-specific and age-specific prevalence of hypertension in representative population samples. All data were obtained independently by two investigators with a standardised protocol and data-collection form. Overall, 26.4% (95% CI 26.0-26.8%) of the adult population in 2000 had hypertension (26.6% of men [26.0-27.2%] and 26.1% of women [25.5-26.6%]), and 29.2% (28.8-29.7%) were projected to have this condition by 2025 (29.0% of men [28.6-29.4%] and 29.5% of women [29.1-29.9%]). The estimated total number of adults with hypertension in 2000 was 972 million (957-987 million); 333 million (329-336 million) in economically developed countries and 639 million (625-654 million) in economically developing countries. The number of adults with hypertension in 2025 was predicted to increase by about 60% to a total of 1.56 billion (1.54-1.58 billion). Hypertension is an important public-health challenge worldwide. Prevention, detection, treatment, and control of this condition should receive high priority.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                IJMHSC
                10.1108/IJMHSC
                International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care
                IJMHSC
                Emerald Publishing
                1747-9894
                1747-9894
                01 March 2021
                01 June 2021
                : 17
                : 2
                : 208-241
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University , New York, New York, USA
                Author notes
                Kamyar Arasteh can be contacted at: kamyar.arasteh@nyu.edu
                Article
                660927 IJMHSC-09-2020-0088.pdf IJMHSC-09-2020-0088
                10.1108/IJMHSC-09-2020-0088
                d33a4a9c-d1d5-430f-b1f9-fbb220d0a114
                © Emerald Publishing Limited
                History
                : 21 September 2020
                : 15 November 2020
                : 01 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 1, Words: 3997
                Categories
                research-article, Research paper
                cat-HSC, Health & social care
                cat-VG, Vulnerable groups
                cat-IDMG, Inequalities & diverse/minority groups
                cat-SOCY, Sociology
                cat-RES, Race & ethnic studies
                cat-MIN, Minorities
                cat-SOCY, Sociology
                cat-RES, Race & ethnic studies
                cat-MLT, Multiculturalism
                cat-SOCY, Sociology
                cat-RES, Race & ethnic studies
                cat-RIL, Racial identity
                cat-SOCY, Sociology
                , Work
                , economy & organizations
                cat-LMOV, Labour movements
                Custom metadata
                M
                Web-ready article package
                Yes
                Yes
                JOURNAL
                included

                Access to health care,Latinx immigrants,COVID-19,Health disparities

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