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      Drug Design, Development and Therapy (submit here)

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      An Integrated Analysis of Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experiment Validation to Explore the New Candidate Active Component and Mechanism of Cuscutae Semen-Mori Fructus Coupled-Herbs in Treating Oligoasthenozoospermia

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          One of the most common types of male infertility is recognized as oligoasthenozoospermia (OA), characterized by low sperm count and quality in males. As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Cuscutae Semen-Mori Fructus coupled-herbs (CSMFCH) has been known to act a curative effect on OA for thousands of years. Nevertheless, the substantial basis and molecular mechanism of CSMFCH in treating OA remain elusive.

          Methods

          Herein, an integrated approach, including network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experiment validation, was utilized to reveal the new candidate active component and mechanism of CSMFCH in treating OA.

          Results

          The results show that kaempferol is the most significant bioactive component of CSMFCH on OA. The mechanism and targets of CSMFCH against OA are relevant to hormone regulation, oxidant stress, and reproductive promotion. In order to validate network pharmacology results, molecular docking and experiment validation were conducted. In detail, molecular docking was employed to verify the strong binding interactions between kaempferol and the core targets. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to identify kaempferol in the CSMFCH extract. In vitro and in vivo experiments further proved CSMFCH and kaempferol could enhance the mouse Leydig (TM3) and mouse Sertoli (TM4) cell viability, improve the male reproductive organ weights, sperm quality, and decrease testis tissue damage in the OA mouse model induced by CP.

          Conclusion

          Our results not only identify the new candidate active component of CSMFCH in treating OA but also provide new insights into the mechanisms of CSMFCH against OA.

          Most cited references112

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          Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks.

          Cytoscape is an open source software project for integrating biomolecular interaction networks with high-throughput expression data and other molecular states into a unified conceptual framework. Although applicable to any system of molecular components and interactions, Cytoscape is most powerful when used in conjunction with large databases of protein-protein, protein-DNA, and genetic interactions that are increasingly available for humans and model organisms. Cytoscape's software Core provides basic functionality to layout and query the network; to visually integrate the network with expression profiles, phenotypes, and other molecular states; and to link the network to databases of functional annotations. The Core is extensible through a straightforward plug-in architecture, allowing rapid development of additional computational analyses and features. Several case studies of Cytoscape plug-ins are surveyed, including a search for interaction pathways correlating with changes in gene expression, a study of protein complexes involved in cellular recovery to DNA damage, inference of a combined physical/functional interaction network for Halobacterium, and an interface to detailed stochastic/kinetic gene regulatory models.
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            AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading.

            AutoDock Vina, a new program for molecular docking and virtual screening, is presented. AutoDock Vina achieves an approximately two orders of magnitude speed-up compared with the molecular docking software previously developed in our lab (AutoDock 4), while also significantly improving the accuracy of the binding mode predictions, judging by our tests on the training set used in AutoDock 4 development. Further speed-up is achieved from parallelism, by using multithreading on multicore machines. AutoDock Vina automatically calculates the grid maps and clusters the results in a way transparent to the user. Copyright 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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              The Protein Data Bank.

              The Protein Data Bank (PDB; http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/ ) is the single worldwide archive of structural data of biological macromolecules. This paper describes the goals of the PDB, the systems in place for data deposition and access, how to obtain further information, and near-term plans for the future development of the resource.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Drug Des Devel Ther
                Drug Des Devel Ther
                dddt
                dddt
                Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Dove
                1177-8881
                17 May 2021
                2021
                : 15
                : 2059-2089
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, People’s Republic of China
                [4 ]School of Humanities, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Yanfei Zheng National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8618010091957 Email yanfei_z@163.com
                Zhenquan Liu School of Chinese Materia Medica, National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13810419708 Email lzqbzy@sina.com
                Article
                307015
                10.2147/DDDT.S307015
                8139735
                d3456ae4-0907-4283-a6fc-ee733c11ea30
                © 2021 Bai et al.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 18 February 2021
                : 20 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 19, Tables: 5, References: 112, Pages: 31
                Categories
                Original Research

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                traditional chinese medicine,oligoasthenozoospermia,kaempferol,network pharmacology

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