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      Assessment of non-cultured aquatic fungal diversity from different habitats in Mexico Translated title: Estimación de la diversidad de hongos acuáticos no-cultivables de diferentes hábitats en México

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          Abstract

          With the aim to explore the diversity of aquatic fungi in Mexico we present an investigation using a fragment of the 18S ribosomal DNA as a molecular marker obtained from different water bodies (marine, brackish and fresh water). Ribosomal gene fragments were obtained by DNA amplification, the resulting sequences were compared using multiple alignments against a collection of classified reference fungal sequences and then subjected to phylogenetic clustering allowing the identification and classification of DNA sequences from environmental isolates as fungal down to the family level, provided enough reference sequence were available. From our ensemble of 2,020 sequences identified as fungal, 23.8% were classified at the family level, 48.5% at the order level, 13% at the class/subphylum level and 14.7% of the sequences (all from the same site) could not be unambiguously positioned in any of our reference fungal groups but were closely related to uncultivated marine fungi. The most frequently recovered phylum was Ascomycota (89.1%), followed by Chytridiomycota (8.1%), Basidiomycota (2.8%) and Mucoromycotina (1.3%).

          Translated abstract

          Con la finalidad de explorar la diversidad de hongos acuáticos en México, se presenta una investigación usando un fragmento del ADN ribosomal 18S como un marcador molecular obtenido de muestras de cuerpos acuáticos con diferentes características (marino, salobre y dulce). Los fragmentos de los genes ribosomales se obtuvieron mediante la amplificación de ADN, las secuencias resultantes se compararon mediante alineamientos múltiples con una selección de secuencias de hongos como referencia y posteriormente se analizaron filogenéticamente, permitiendo la identificación y clasificación de secuencias de ADN provenientes de aislados ambientales hasta la categoría de familia, cuando hubo suficientes secuencias disponibles. De las 2,020 secuencias identificadas como hongos, un 23.8% se clasificaron como familia, un 48.5% como orden, un 13% como clase/subphylum y un 14.7% de las secuencias (todas del mismo lugar) no pudieron ser colocadas inequívocamente en alguno de los grupos de hongos que se tomaron como referencia, pero se encontraron muy cercanamente relacionadas a hongos marinos no cultivables. El phylum más representado fue Ascomycota (89.1%), seguido de Chytridiomycota (8.1%), Basidiomycota (2.8%) y Mucoromycotina (1.3%).

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          Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.

          S Altschul (1997)
          The BLAST programs are widely used tools for searching protein and DNA databases for sequence similarities. For protein comparisons, a variety of definitional, algorithmic and statistical refinements described here permits the execution time of the BLAST programs to be decreased substantially while enhancing their sensitivity to weak similarities. A new criterion for triggering the extension of word hits, combined with a new heuristic for generating gapped alignments, yields a gapped BLAST program that runs at approximately three times the speed of the original. In addition, a method is introduced for automatically combining statistically significant alignments produced by BLAST into a position-specific score matrix, and searching the database using this matrix. The resulting Position-Specific Iterated BLAST (PSI-BLAST) program runs at approximately the same speed per iteration as gapped BLAST, but in many cases is much more sensitive to weak but biologically relevant sequence similarities. PSI-BLAST is used to uncover several new and interesting members of the BRCT superfamily.
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            Microbial diversity and function in soil: from genes to ecosystems.

            Soils sustain an immense diversity of microbes, which, to a large extent, remains unexplored. A range of novel methods, most of which are based on rRNA and rDNA analyses, have uncovered part of the soil microbial diversity. The next step in the era of microbial ecology is to extract genomic, evolutionary and functional information from bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of the soil community genomes (the metagenome). Sophisticated analyses that apply molecular phylogenetics, DNA microarrays, functional genomics and in situ activity measurements will provide huge amounts of new data, potentially increasing our understanding of the structure and function of soil microbial ecosystems, and the interactions that occur within them. This review summarizes the recent progress in studies of soil microbial communities with focus on novel methods and approaches that provide new insight into the relationship between phylogenetic and functional diversity.
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              The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate revisited

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmbiodiv
                Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
                Rev. Mex. Biodiv.
                Instituto de Biología (México, DF, Mexico )
                1870-3453
                2007-8706
                2016
                : 87
                : 1
                : 18-28
                Affiliations
                [05] Reynosa orgnameInstituto Politécnico Nacional orgdiv1Centro de Biotecnología Genómica Mexico
                [03] Cuernavaca orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Mexico
                [01] Cuernavaca orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Instituto de Biotecnología Mexico
                [02] Cuernavaca orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Mexico
                [04] Puerto Vallarta orgnameUniversidad de Guadalajara orgdiv1Centro Universitario de la Costa Mexico
                Article
                S1870-34532016000100018
                10.1016/j.rmb.2016.01.013
                d35291ad-b552-47e6-b749-f943d2b90ed5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 August 2013
                : 27 September 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                Aquatic habitats,Fungi,Taxonomic classification,Fungal populations,18S ribosomal DNA,Hábitats acuáticos,Hongos,Clasificación taxonómica,Poblaciones fúngicas,ADN ribosomal 18S

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