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      Ocurrencia de Babesia spp. en perros sin dueño de La Habana, Cuba Translated title: Occurrence of Babesia spp. in stray dogs from Havana, Cuba

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Los perros pueden ser afectados por varias especies del género Babesia que causan enfermedades importantes en diferentes regiones del mundo. Dentro de estas especies se encuentran Babesia canis, B. vogeli, B. rossi, B. gibsoni y B. vulves. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo detectar la presencia de Babesia spp. en perros sin dueño de La Habana. Se estudiaron 60 perros, a los que se les realizó examen hematológico, frotis sanguíneo y PCR, que amplifica el ARNr 18S. Tres animales (5 %) presentaron valores de hematocrito superiores a los valores de referencia y 23 (38,3 %) mostraron valores de hematocrito inferiores, lo que indica la presencia de un síndrome anémico en estos perros. Como resultado del leucograma, cinco perros (8,3 %) tenían leucocitosis y 7 (11,6 %) leucopenia; 31 animales estaban infestados con garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato y 10 estaban coinfestados con Rhipicepahalus microplus. El 20 % de las muestras fueron positivas por PCR, mientras que en la examinación microscópica solo en el 13,3 % de las muestras se observaron merozoitos de Babesia spp. Se observó relación entre los animales positivos por PCR y la disminución del valor del hematocrito. No existió asociación entre la presencia de garrapatas y el sexo en los animales positivos a Babesia spp. El presente estudio demuestra la presencia de Babesia spp. en perros sin dueño de La Habana.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Dogs can be affected by several species of the genus Babesia causing important diseases in different regions of the world. Among these species are Babesia canis, B. vogeli, B. rossi, B. gibsoni, and B. vulves. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Babesia spp. in stray dogs from Havana province. Sixty dogs were studied and subjected to haematological examination, blood smear and PCR, which amplified 18S rRNA. Three animals (5 %) showed hematocrit values higher than reference values while 23 (38.3 %) showed lower hematocrit values, indicating the presence of an anemic syndrome in those dogs. According to the leukogram analysis, five dogs (8.3 %) had leukocytosis and 7 (11.6 %) had leukopenia. Thirty-one animals were infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks and 10 were co-infested with Rhipicepahalus microplus ticks. Twenty percent of the samples tested positive by PCR, while microscopic examination revealed Babesia spp. merozoites in only 13.3 % of the samples. A relationship was observed between PCR-positive animals and the decrease in hematocrit value. There was no association between the presence of ticks and sex in animals positive to Babesia spp. The present study demonstrates the presence of Babesia spp. in stray dogs from Havana province.

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          Most cited references57

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          High-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in Europe

          Due to increased travel, climatic, and environmental changes, the incidence of tick-borne disease in both humans and animals is increasing throughout Europe. Therefore, extended surveillance tools are desirable. To accurately screen tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), a large scale epidemiological study was conducted on 7050 Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from France, Denmark, and the Netherlands using a powerful new high-throughput approach. This advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detection of 25 bacterial, and 12 parasitic species (including; Borrelia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Bartonella, Candidatus Neoehrlichia, Coxiella, Francisella, Babesia, and Theileria genus) across 94 samples. We successfully determined the prevalence of expected (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia helvetica, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Babesia divergens, Babesia venatorum), unexpected (Borrelia miyamotoi), and rare (Bartonella henselae) pathogens in the three European countries. Moreover we detected Borrelia spielmanii, Borrelia miyamotoi, Babesia divergens, and Babesia venatorum for the first time in Danish ticks. This surveillance method represents a major improvement in epidemiological studies, able to facilitate comprehensive testing of TBPs, and which can also be customized to monitor emerging diseases.
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            A review of canine babesiosis: the European perspective

            Canine babesiosis is a significant tick-borne disease caused by various species of the protozoan genus Babesia. Although it occurs worldwide, data relating to European infections have now been collected for many years. These data have boosted the publication record and increased our working knowledge of these protozoan parasites. Both the large and small forms of Babesia species (B. canis, B. vogeli, B. gibsoni, and B. microti-like isolates also referred to as "B. vulpes" and "Theileria annae") infect dogs in Europe, and their geographical distribution, transmission, clinical signs, treatment, and prognosis vary widely for each species. The goal of this review is to provide veterinary practitioners with practical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of babesiosis in European dogs. Our hope is that these guidelines will answer the most frequently asked questions posed by veterinary practitioners.
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              Development and evaluation of a seminested PCR for detection and differentiation of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) and B. canis DNA in canine blood samples.

              Canine babesiosis has recently been recognized as an emerging infectious disease of dogs in North America. We sought to develop a seminested PCR to detect and differentiate Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype), B. canis subsp. vogeli, B. canis subsp. canis, and B. canis subsp. rossi DNA in canine blood samples. An outer primer pair was designed to amplify an approximately 340-bp fragment of the 18S rRNA genes from B. gibsoni (Asian genotype), B. canis subsp. vogeli, B. canis subsp. rossi, and B. canis subsp. canis but not mammalian DNA. Forward primers were designed that would specifically amplify a smaller fragment from each organism in a seminested PCR. The practical limit of detection was 50 organisms/ml of mock-infected EDTA anticoagulated whole blood. The primer pair also amplified an approximately 370-bp fragment of the B. gibsoni (USA/California genotype) 18S rRNA gene from the blood of an experimentally infected dog with a high percentage of parasitemia. Amplicons were not detected when DNA extracted from the blood of a dog that was naturally infected with Theileria annae at a low percentage of parasitemia was amplified. Due to limited sensitivity, this test is not recommended for the routine diagnosis of B. gibsoni (USA/California genotype) or T. annae. The PCR test did not amplify Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum, Cryptosporidium parvum, or canine DNA under any of the conditions tested. The seminested PCR test was able to detect and discriminate B. gibsoni (Asian genotype), B. canis subsp. vogeli, B. canis subsp. canis, and B. canis subsp. rossi DNA in blood samples from infected dogs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsa
                Revista de Salud Animal
                Rev Salud Anim.
                Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (La Habana, , Cuba )
                0253-570X
                2224-4700
                August 2021
                : 43
                : 2
                : e10
                Affiliations
                [1] San José de las Lajas Mayabeque orgnameCentro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA) Cuba
                Article
                S0253-570X2021000200003 S0253-570X(21)04300200003
                d36b035c-6a82-462e-82a1-c119713100d4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 November 2020
                : 12 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 58, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                blood smear,PCR,Babesia spp.,hematocrito,anemia,frotis sanguíneo,hematocrit

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