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      Measurement of glucose metabolism in the occipital lobe and frontal cortex after oral administration of [1-13C]glucose at 9.4 T

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          Abstract

          For the first time, labeling effects after oral intake of [1-13C]glucose are observed in the human brain with pure 1H detection at 9.4 T. Spectral time series were acquired using a short-TE 1H MRS MC-semiLASER (Metabolite Cycling semi Localization by Adiabatic SElective Refocusing) sequence in two voxels of 5.4 mL in the frontal cortex and the occipital lobe. High-quality time-courses of [4-13C]glutamate, [4-13C]glutamine, [3-13C]glutamate + glutamine, [2-13C] glutamate+glutamine and [3-13C]aspartate for individual volunteers and additionally, group-averaged time-courses of labeled and non-labeled brain glucose could be obtained. Using a one-compartment model, mean metabolic rates were calculated for each voxel position: The mean rate of the TCA-cycle (Vtca) value was determined to be 1.36 and 0.93 μmol min −1 g −1, the mean rate of glutamine synthesis (Vgln) was calculated to be 0.23 and 0.45 μmol min −1 g −1, the mean exchange rate between cytosolic amino acids and mitochondrial Krebs cycle intermediates (Vx) rate was found to be 0.57 and 1.21 μmol min −1 g −1 for the occipital lobe and the frontal cortex, respectively. These values were in agreement with previously reported data. Altogether, it can be shown that this most simple technique combining oral administration of [1-13C]Glc with pure 1H MRS acquisition is suitable to measure metabolic rates.

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          Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra.

          The LCModel method analyzes an in vivo spectrum as a Linear Combination of Model spectra of metabolite solutions in vitro. By using complete model spectra, rather than just individual resonances, maximum information and uniqueness are incorporated into the analysis. A constrained regularization method accounts for differences in phase, baseline, and lineshapes between the in vitro and in vivo spectra, and estimates the metabolite concentrations and their uncertainties. LCModel is fully automatic in that the only input is the time-domain in vivo data. The lack of subjective interaction should help the exchange and comparison of results. More than 3000 human brain STEAM spectra from patients and healthy volunteers have been analyzed with LCModel. N-acetylaspartate, cholines, creatines, myo-inositol, and glutamate can be reliably determined, and abnormal levels of these or elevated levels of lactate, alanine, scyllo-inositol, glutamine, or glucose clearly indicate numerous pathologies. A computer program will be available.
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            Proton NMR chemical shift and J-coupling values are presented for 35 metabolites that can be detected by in vivo or in vitro NMR studies of mammalian brain. Measurements were obtained using high-field NMR spectra of metabolites in solution, under conditions typical for normal physiological temperature and pH. This information is presented with an accuracy that is suitable for computer simulation of metabolite spectra to be used as basis functions of a parametric spectral analysis procedure. This procedure is verified by the analysis of a rat brain extract spectrum, using the measured spectral parameters. In addition, the metabolite structures and example spectra are presented, and clinical applications and MR spectroscopic measurements of these metabolites are reviewed. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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              Field mapping without reference scan using asymmetric echo-planar techniques.

              Improvements in Bo mapping and shimming were achieved by measuring the static field information in multiple subsequent echoes generated by an asymmetric echo-planar readout gradient train. With careful compensation, eddy current effects were shown to affect the adjustment of the shim coils minimally. In addition to reducing the time required for field mapping by two-fold, the sensitivity was simultaneously optimized irrespective of the prevalent T2* present, thereby minimizing the error of the static field measurement to below 0.1 Hz. With adiabatic low flip-angle excitation, the time required for field mapping was below 1 second.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
                J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
                JCB
                spjcb
                Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
                SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                0271-678X
                1559-7016
                27 May 2022
                October 2022
                27 May 2022
                : 42
                : 10
                : 1890-1904
                Affiliations
                [1 ]High‐Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
                [2 ]IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
                [3 ]Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
                Author notes
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                [*]Theresia Ziegs, Max Planck Institute of Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Email: theresia.ziegs@ 123456tuebingen.mpg.de
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-1713
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-6291
                Article
                10.1177_0271678X221104540
                10.1177/0271678X221104540
                9536126
                35632989
                d3850328-2b13-4dfa-8f99-5e5b49e206be
                © The Author(s) 2022

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 1 November 2021
                : 29 April 2022
                : 5 May 2022
                Categories
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                ts2

                Neurosciences
                glucose metabolism,glutamatergic metabolism,human brain,proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,ultra-high field strengths

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