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      Phenotypic characterization of canine Malassezia spp., isolates Translated title: Caracterización fenotípica de aislamientos de Malassezia spp., de origen canino

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective . To characterize and identify yeasts of the genus Malassezia by phenotypic features. Materials and methods. First, the macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics were described. In addition we performed biochemical and physiological assays as Tweens and Cremophor, including more. Results. Our results evidenced of 105 isolates obtained from dogs diagnosed with external otitis, it was possible to identify two distinct species from 46 isolates within the Malassezia genus: 36.19% (n=38) were identified as M. pachydermatis and 7.62% (n=8) as M. furfur. According to phenotypic patterns the remaining 56.19% (n=59) were reported as Malassezia spp., possibly corresponding to M. furfur and/or M. pachydermatis. Conclusions. Results emphasize the necessity to characterize according to species. It is not feasible to define Malassezia by species based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological findings. Therefore, molecular genotyping should be performed to identify markers allowing a more precise isolate identification. This would broaden our epidemiological knowledge regarding different species involved in canine otitis pathologies.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo . Caracterizar e identificar levaduras del género Malassezia, mediante características fenotípicas. Materiales y métodos . Inicialmente se describieron las características morfológicas macroscópicas y microscópicas, adicionalmente se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas y fisiológicas como Tween y Cremophor, entre otras. Resultados . De 105 aislamientos de caninos diagnosticados previamente con otitis, 46 fueron caracterizados hasta especie, así: El 36.19% (n=38) correspondió a M. pachydermatis, el 7.2% (n=8) a M. furfur; y 56.19% (n=59) restante fueron reportados como Malassezia spp., debido a los patrones fenotípicos atípicos que presentaron, y que podrían corresponder a variantes de M. furfur y/o M. pachydermatis. Conclusión. Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de hacer una caracterización a nivel de especie y/o genotipos mediante marcadores moleculares que permitan una identificación más precisa de los aislamientos. Con el presente estudio, se contribuye al conocimiento de las diferentes especies involucradas en patologías óticas en caninos.

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          Most cited references28

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          Developments in fungal taxonomy.

          Fungal infections, especially those caused by opportunistic species, have become substantially more common in recent decades. Numerous species cause human infections, and several new human pathogens are discovered yearly. This situation has created an increasing interest in fungal taxonomy and has led to the development of new methods and approaches to fungal biosystematics which have promoted important practical advances in identification procedures. However, the significance of some data provided by the new approaches is still unclear, and results drawn from such studies may even increase nomenclatural confusion. Analyses of rRNA and rDNA sequences constitute an important complement of the morphological criteria needed to allow clinical fungi to be more easily identified and placed on a single phylogenetic tree. Most of the pathogenic fungi so far described belong to the kingdom Fungi; two belong to the kingdom Chromista. Within the Fungi, they are distributed in three phyla and in 15 orders (Pneumocystidales, Saccharomycetales, Dothideales, Sordariales, Onygenales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Ophiostomatales, Microascales, Tremellales, Poriales, Stereales, Agaricales, Schizophyllales, and Ustilaginales).
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            The association between the signalment, common causes of canine otitis externa and pathogens.

            To determine whether associations exist between pathogens, allergies, conformational abnormalities, endocrinopathies and signalment in canine otitis externa (OE). Medical records of 149 dogs which met predetermined inclusion criteria were evaluated retrospectively. Correlations between pathogens and the presence of allergy, endocrinopathy, conformational abnormalities and signalment were evaluated statistically. The shar-pei, German shepherd and cocker spaniel breeds were over-represented compared with the hospital's breed distribution (P<0·001). German shepherd dogs and cocker spaniels were statistically more prone to infection with rod-shaped organisms and Labrador retrievers less than other breeds (P=0·034). Almost all dogs that were older than five years when diagnosed with OE had cocci (P=0·01) and also had higher levels of rods (P=0·028). The incidence of rods was higher in endocrinopathies (P=0·004), while that of Malassezia spp. tended to be higher in allergies (P=0·098). There were no statistically significant differences among the groups for all the other parameters examined. OE infection is usually not influenced by primary causes or predisposing factors. Endocrinopathies may be followed by a more severe otitis, however. OE may be more severe when it affects older dogs. © 2011 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
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              Differentiation of Malassezia species: selectivity of cremophor EL, castor oil and ricinoleic acid for M. furfur.

              In recent years, the genus Malassezia has been reclassified based on molecular data. In addition to M. furfur, M. pachydermatis and M. sympodialis, four new species, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta and M. slooffiiae, have been described. However, apart from their lipid dependence, little is known about the metabolism and nutritional requirements of all the seven species. Further to recent studies, 10 hydrophilic emulsifiers (HLB > 10) were examined in an agar diffusion test to determine their growth-promoting effect on reference strains of the different Malassezia species. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 7 glyceryl monoalcanoate (Cetiol HE). PEG-glyceryl stearate (Tagat S2) and macrogol-50 stearate (Myrj 53) were metabolized by all strains, while PEG-35 castor oil (Cremophor EL) was metabolized only by M. furfur. The latter observation is due to a different metabolism of castor oil and its main component, ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy oleic acid), which may also give an insight into the pathogenesis of diseases that are associated with Malassezia spp. As hydroxy fatty acids are important in maintaining the epidermal structure and function, their metabolism specifically by M. furfur might clarify some clinical aspects of pityriasis versicolor. Apart from this speculation, use of Cremophor EL, with splitting of esculin as an additional key character, improves the distinction of the species M. furfur, M. slooffiae and M. sympodialis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mvz
                Revista MVZ Córdoba
                Rev.MVZ Cordoba
                Universidad de Córdoba - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. (Córdoba, Montería, Colombia )
                0122-0268
                December 2016
                : 21
                : 3
                : 5535-5546
                Affiliations
                [1] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Colombia
                Article
                S0122-02682016000305535
                10.21897/rmvz.827
                d38f21d6-2fc7-4ebe-9dcd-7ccfa2fc3c16

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : August 2015
                : February 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                Biochemical techniques,morfología,otitis externa,pruebas bioquímicas,external otitis,Malassezia,morphology

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