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Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) impact nearly every aspect of cellular life. This review examines
the principles of Ca(2+) signaling, from changes in protein conformations driven by
Ca(2+) to the mechanisms that control Ca(2+) levels in the cytoplasm and organelles.
Also discussed is the highly localized nature of Ca(2+)-mediated signal transduction
and its specific roles in excitability, exocytosis, motility, apoptosis, and transcription.