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      Visual prediction: psychophysics and neurophysiology of compensation for time delays.

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      The Behavioral and brain sciences
      Cambridge University Press (CUP)

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          Abstract

          A necessary consequence of the nature of neural transmission systems is that as change in the physical state of a time-varying event takes place, delays produce error between the instantaneous registered state and the external state. Another source of delay is the transmission of internal motor commands to muscles and the inertia of the musculoskeletal system. How does the central nervous system compensate for these pervasive delays? Although it has been argued that delay compensation occurs late in the motor planning stages, even the earliest visual processes, such as phototransduction, contribute significantly to delays. I argue that compensation is not an exclusive property of the motor system, but rather, is a pervasive feature of the central nervous system (CNS) organization. Although the motor planning system may contain a highly flexible compensation mechanism, accounting not just for delays but also variability in delays (e.g., those resulting from variations in luminance contrast, internal body temperature, muscle fatigue, etc.), visual mechanisms also contribute to compensation. Previous suggestions of this notion of "visual prediction" led to a lively debate producing re-examination of previous arguments, new analyses, and review of the experiments presented here. Understanding visual prediction will inform our theories of sensory processes and visual perception, and will impact our notion of visual awareness.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Behav Brain Sci
          The Behavioral and brain sciences
          Cambridge University Press (CUP)
          1469-1825
          0140-525X
          Apr 2008
          : 31
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom. romin@sussex.ac.uk
          Article
          S0140525X08003804
          10.1017/S0140525X08003804
          18479557
          d39d61c0-7cc5-4725-97a5-c958e3883bc7
          History

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