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      Cyclooxygenases: structural and functional insights.

      Journal of Lipid Research
      Animals, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, pharmacology, Disease, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Humans, Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases, chemistry, genetics, metabolism

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          Abstract

          Cyclooxygenase (COX; prostaglandin G/H synthase, EC 1.14.99.1) catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs). The two COX isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 are the targets of the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indicating a role for these enzymes in pain, fever, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The ubiquitous constitutive expression of COX-1 and inducible expression of COX-2 have led to the widely held belief that COX-1 produces homeostatic PGs, while PGs produced by COX-2 are primarily pathophysiological. However, recent discoveries call this paradigm into question and reveal as yet underappreciated functions for both enzymes. This review focuses on some of these new insights.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          18952571
          2674713
          10.1194/jlr.R800042-JLR200

          Chemistry
          Animals,Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors,pharmacology,Disease,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic,Humans,Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases,chemistry,genetics,metabolism

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