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      Sporotrichosis by Sporothrix schenckii senso stricto with itraconazole resistance and terbinafine sensitivity observed in vitro and in vivo: Case report

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          Abstract

          We report a case of a patient with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in the right upper limb. The fungus was identified as Sporothrix schenckii senso stricto by calmodulin gene sequencing. The initial treatment was itraconazole (200 mg/day), but in vitro antifungal susceptibility demonstrated high resistant to this and another six antifungals, with exception to terbinafine. The lesions did not regress with itraconazole treatment. Thus, 500 mg/day of terbinafine was prescribed and clinical cure was obtained after four months

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          Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis.

          Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Alexandro Bonifaz, Maria Gutierrez-Galhardo … (2015)
          Sporotrichosis is an endemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato. It has gained importance in recent years due to its worldwide prevalence, recognition of multiple cryptic species within the originally described species, and its distinctive ecology, distribution, and epidemiology across the globe. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the taxonomy, ecology, prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and outbreaks due to S. schenckii sensu lato. Despite its omnipresence in the environment, this fungus has remarkably diverse modes of infection and distribution patterns across the world. We have delved into the nuances of how sporotrichosis is intimately linked to different forms of human activities, habitats, lifestyles, and environmental and zoonotic interactions. The purpose of this review is to stimulate discussion about the peculiarities of this unique fungal pathogen and increase the awareness of clinicians and microbiologists, especially in regions of high endemicity, to its emergence and evolving presentations and to kindle further research into understanding the unorthodox mechanisms by which this fungus afflicts different human populations.
          Article 0 comments Cited 172 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, three new Sporothrix species of clinical interest.

            Josepa Gené, Josep Cano, Rita Marimon … (2007)
            Sporothrix schenckii is the species responsible for sporotrichosis, a fungal infection caused by the traumatic implantation of this dimorphic fungus. Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that this species constitutes a complex of numerous phylogenetic species. Since the delineation of such species could be of extreme importance from a clinical point of view, we have studied a total of 127 isolates, most of which were received as S. schenckii, including the available type strains of species currently considered synonyms, and also some close morphological species. We have phenotypically characterized all these isolates using different culture media, growth rates at different temperatures, and numerous nutritional tests and compared their calmodulin gene sequences. The molecular analysis revealed that Sporothrix albicans, S. inflata, and S. schenckii var. luriei are species that are clearly different from S. schenckii. The combination of these phenetic and genetic approaches allowed us to propose the new species Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana. The key phenotypic features for recognizing these species are the morphology of the sessile pigmented conidia, growth at 30, 35, and 37 degrees C, and the assimilation of sucrose, raffinose, and ribitol.
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              Clinical practice guidelines for the management of sporotrichosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

              Jason W. Chapman, P Pappas, Robert C. Kauffman … (2007)
              Guidelines for the management of patients with sporotrichosis were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and replace the guidelines published in 2000. The guidelines are intended for use by internists, pediatricians, family practitioners, and dermatologists. They include evidence-based recommendations for the management of patients with lymphocutaneous, cutaneous, pulmonary, osteoarticular, meningeal, and disseminated sporotrichosis. Recommendations are also provided for the treatment of sporotrichosis in pregnant women and in children.
              Article 0 comments Cited 125 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Maria Lúcia Scroferneker
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Med Mycol Case Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Med Mycol Case Rep
                Title: Medical Mycology Case Reports
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2211-7539
                Publication date PMC-release: 28 October 2017
                Publication date Collection: March 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 October 2017
                Volume: 19
                Pages: 18-20
                Affiliations
                [a ]Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
                [b ]Dermatology Service of Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Brazil
                [c ]Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
                [d ]Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala325, CEP: 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala325Porto AlegreRSCEP: 90050-170Brazil scrofern@ 123456ufrgs.br
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2211-7539(17)30053-2
                DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.10.001
                PMC ID: 5711665
                PubMed ID: 29204336
                SO-VID: d3c4cc53-3557-4f5d-b8c6-ab58eb21a078
                Copyright © © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 27 September 2017
                Date accepted : 27 October 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: sporotrichosis,sporothrix schenckii,senso stricto,itraconazole,terbinafine,antifungal susceptibility
                Data availability:
                Keywords: sporotrichosis, sporothrix schenckii, senso stricto, itraconazole, terbinafine, antifungal susceptibility

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