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      STRUTHERS’ LIGAMENT AND SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERAL PROCESS: AN ANATOMICAL STUDY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Translated title: LIGAMENTO DE STRUTHERS E PROCESSO SUPRACONDILAR DO ÚMERO: ESTUDO ANATÔMICO E IMPLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and anatomical characteristics of Struthers’ ligament and the supracondylar humeral process and evaluate the clinical implications in compressive neuropathy of the median nerve .

          Method:

          We dissected 60 arms from 30 cadavers (26 males and 4 females): 15 were previously preserved in formalin and glycerin and 15 were dissected fresh in the Anatomy Laboratory for this paper. The relationships between Struthers’ ligament and the median nerve and brachial artery and veins were documented with drawings and photos .

          Results:

          The supracondylar humeral process was not found in any of the 60 dissected arms. Struthers’ ligament was identified in six arms (two bilateral); in all cases high insertion of the pronator teres muscle was observed .

          Conclusion:

          Struthers’ ligament is an aponeurotic structure that may or may not be associated with the supracondylar humeral process, and is an important potential site of median nerve compression in the lower third of the arm. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Determinar a frequência e as características anatômicas do ligamento de Struthers e do processo supracondilar do úmero e avaliar sua implicação clínica na neuropatia compressiva do nervo mediano.

          Método::

          Foram dissecados 60 membros superiores de 30 cadáveres de adultos, 26 do sexo masculino e quatro do sexo feminino, 15 previamente preservados em formol e glicerina e 15 dissecados a fresco no Laboratório de Anatomia. A relação do ligamento de Struthers com o nervo mediano e a artéria e veias braquiais, foi documentada com desenhos e fotografias.

          Resultados:

          O processo supracondilar do úmero não foi encontrado em nenhum dos 60 braços dissecados. O ligamento de Struthers foi identificado em seis membros (dois bilaterais); em todos havia inserção alta do músculo pronador redondo.

          Conclusão:

          O ligamento de Struthers é uma estrutura aponeurótica que pode estar ou não associada ao processo supracondilar do úmero e representa local de possível compressão do nervo mediano no terço inferior do braço. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

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          Most cited references26

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          Entrapment neuropathies of the median nerve at and above the elbow.

          Three surgically verified cases of median nerve entrapment at and above the elbow are reported: one involved a compression of the nerve beneath the Struthers ligament in absence of supracondylar bony spur, and two concerned a compression beneath the lacertus fibrosus bicipitis (aponeurosis musculi bicipitalis brachii). Of the two latter cases, the first entrapment was caused by a hematome and the second the nerve was found to be entrapped between the lactertus and an underlying hypertrophic brachial muscle. The compression mechanisms and clinical and electromyographic findings are presented.
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            The sublime bridge: anatomy and implications in median nerve entrapment.

            The sublime bridge is a potential site of entrapment of the median nerve in the forearm. To the authors' knowledge, this structure and its relationship to the median nerve have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to quantitate this structure and elucidate its relationship to the median nerve.
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              THE SUPRACONDYLAR PROCESS AND ITS FRACTURE

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Ortop Bras
                Acta Ortop Bras
                aob
                Acta Ortopedica Brasileira
                ATHA EDITORA
                1413-7852
                1809-4406
                Jul-Aug 2017
                Jul-Aug 2017
                : 25
                : 4
                : 137-142
                Affiliations
                [1 ]. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
                [2 ]. Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba, Department of Hand Surgery, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde. PUC-SP/FCMS. Rua Joubert Wey, 290. Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. 18030-070. ediecaetano@ 123456uol.com.br

                All authors declare no potential conflict of interest related to this article

                AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS:Each author made significant individual contributions to this manuscript. EBC (0000-0003-4572-3854)*, LAV (0000-0003-4406-2492)*, and MBFC (0000-0003-0994-2128)* were the main contributors in drafting the manuscript. JEB (0000-0002-2416-7281)* and TMS (0000-0002-0654-5373)* conducted the bibliographical research. All authors participated in dissecting and photographing the cadavers. EBC and JJSN (0000-0002-0554-1426)* reviewed the manuscript, contributed to the intellectual concept, coordinated the study, and were responsible for directing the other participants. *ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID).

                Article
                10.1590/1413-785220172504168330
                5608727
                28955169
                d3d319a0-4392-4b75-840a-a09b79a68313

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 24 August 2016
                : 24 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Original Articles

                ligaments,nerve compression syndromes,median nerve,humerus

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