Evaluation of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis by the GHRP2 Test: Comparison With the Insulin Tolerance Test

Abstract

Context

GH-releasing peptide 2 (GHRP2) stimulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) through the GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in the hypothalamus, in which ghrelin is a natural ligand. Therefore, the GHRP2 test (GHRP2T) could be used instead of the insulin tolerance test (ITT).

Objective

Can the GHRP2T replace the ITT for evaluation of HPA?

Design

The present retrospective study analyzed the clinical features and laboratory data from 254 patients admitted for evaluation of hypopituitarism who underwent both GHRP2T and ITT. We analyzed the association between the maximum cortisol level (Fmax) during both tests. Adrenocortical insufficiency was diagnosed by ITT. The suitability of GHRP2T was examined using the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

A strong correlation was found between Fmax measured using both tests ( r = 0.777, P < 0.0001). However, the sensitivity (64%) and specificity (79%) showed that the GHRP2T was not suitable for clinical use. Various factors influenced the correlation, probably through their effects on ghrelin and/or GHSR, including functional adenoma ( P < 0.05) and sex ( P < 0.05). No substantial correlation was found between Fmax measured using both tests in patients with prolactinoma (n = 30). The exclusion of patients with functional adenoma revealed no factors that affected the association in male patients; however, age and menstruation significantly influenced it in female patients ( P < 0.05). Analysis of the data from male subjects without functional adenoma (n = 104) showed high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (85%) for the GHRP2T.

Conclusion

ITT can be substituted with GHRP2T for assessment of HPA in male patients free of functional adenoma.

Abstract

By comparing the GHRP2T and ITT on the assessment of HPA, we found that GHRP2T was useful for HPA axis evaluation in male patients free of functional pituitary adenoma.