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      Circulating myomiRs: a new class of biomarkers to monitor skeletal muscle in physiology and medicine

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          Abstract

          MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non‐coding RNAs that target mRNAs and are consequently involved in the post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Some miRNAs are ubiquitously expressed in tissue, while others are tissue‐specific or tissue‐enriched. miRNAs can be released by cells and are found in various biofluids, including serum and plasma. Thus, measuring miRNAs in the circulation may provide information on the originating tissue or cells. MyomiRs are described as striated muscle‐specific or muscle‐enriched miRNAs. Their circulating levels can be measured and have been proposed to be new biomarkers of physiological and pathological muscle processes. The aims of this review are to summarize the current knowledge of circulating myomiRs, to identify the types of information they can provide about skeletal muscle, and to determine how to apply that information in the fields of research and medicine.

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          Serum microRNA signatures identified in a genome-wide serum microRNA expression profiling predict survival of non-small-cell lung cancer.

          Zhibin Hu, Xi Chen, Yang Zhao … (2010)
          Recent findings that human serum contains stably expressed microRNA (miRNA) have revealed a great potential of serum miRNA signature as disease fingerprints to predict survival. We used genome-wide serum miRNA expression analysis to investigate the role of serum miRNA in predicting prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To control disease heterogeneity, we used patients with stages I to IIIa lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, who were treated with both operation and adjuvant chemotherapies. In the discovery stage, Solexa sequencing followed by individual quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays was used to test the difference in levels of serum miRNAs between 30 patients with longer survival (alive and mean survival time, 49.54 months) and 30 patients with shorter survival matched by age, sex, and stage (dead and mean survival time, 9.54 months). The detected serum miRNAs then were validated in 243 patients (randomly classified into two subgroups: n = 120 for the training set, and n = 123 for the testing set). Eleven serum miRNAs were found to be altered more than five-fold by Solexa sequencing between longer-survival and shorter-survival groups, and levels of four miRNAs (ie, miR-486, miR-30d, miR-1 and miR-499) were significantly associated with overall survival. The four-miRNA signature also was consistently an independent predictor of overall survival for both training and testing samples. The four-miRNA signature from the serum may serve as a noninvasive predictor for the overall survival of NSCLC.
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            Genomics of microRNA.

            V Kim, Jin-Wu Nam (2006)
            Discovered just over a decade ago, microRNA (miRNA) is now recognized as one of the major regulatory gene families in eukaryotic cells. Hundreds of miRNAs have been found in animals, plants and viruses, and there are certainly more to come. Through specific base-pairing with mRNAs, these tiny approximately 22-nt RNAs induce mRNA degradation or translational repression, or both. Because a miRNA can target numerous mRNAs, often in combination with other miRNAs, miRNAs operate highly complex regulatory networks. In this article, we summarize the current status of miRNA gene mining and miRNA expression profiling. We also review up-to-date knowledge of miRNA gene structure and the biogenesis mechanism. Our focus is on animal miRNAs.
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              Myogenic factors that regulate expression of muscle-specific microRNAs.

              Prakash Rao, Roshan Kumar, Mina Farkhondeh … (2006)
              Since their discovery as key regulators of early animal development, microRNAs now are recognized as widespread regulators of gene expression. Despite their abundance, little is known regarding the regulation of microRNA biogenesis. We show that three highly conserved muscle-specific microRNAs, miR-1, miR-133 and miR-206, are robustly induced during the myoblast-myotube transition, both in primary human myoblasts and in the mouse mesenchymal C2C12 stem cell line. These microRNAs were not induced during osteogenic conversion of C2C12 cells. Moreover, both loci encoding miR-1, miR-1-1, and miR-1-2, and two of the three encoding miR-133, miR-133a-1 and miR-133a-2, are strongly induced during myogenesis. Some of the induced microRNAs are in intergenic regions, whereas two are transcribed in the opposite direction to the nonmuscle-specific gene in which they are embedded. By using CHIP analysis, we demonstrate that the myogenic factors Myogenin and MyoD bind to regions upstream of these microRNAs and, therefore, are likely to regulate their expression. Because miR-1 and miR-206 are predicted to repress similar mRNA targets, our work suggests that induction of these microRNAs is important in regulating the expression of muscle-specific proteins.
              Article 0 comments Cited 189 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Sébastien Banzet: sebastien.banzet@inserm.fr
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1007/13539.2190-6009
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCSM
                Title: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 2190-5991
                ISSN (Electronic): 2190-6009
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 November 2017
                Publication date (Print): February 2018
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/jcsm.v9.1 )
                Pages: 20-27
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées 1 place Valérie André, BP73, 91220 Brétigny sur Orge France
                [ 2 ] Ecole du Val de Grâce 1 place Alphonse Laveran, 75005 Paris France
                [ 3 ] Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées 1 Rue Lieutenant Raoul Batany, 92140 Clamart France
                [ 4 ] INSERM UMRS1197 1 Rue Lieutenant Raoul Batany, 92140 Clamart France
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence to: Sébastien Banzet, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, 1 Rue Lieutenant Raoul Batany, 92140 Clamart, France.

                Email: sebastien.banzet@ 123456inserm.fr

                Article
                Publisher ID: JCSM12227 Other ID: JCSM-D-17-00044
                DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12227
                PMC ID: 5803618
                PubMed ID: 29193905
                SO-VID: d3f4a2cf-c0b3-437e-b8ec-b8126b812170
                Copyright © © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                Date received : 28 February 2017
                Date revision received : 13 May 2017
                Date accepted : 05 July 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Pages: 8, Words: 3991
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Subject: Reviews
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                component-id jcsm12227
                cover-date February 2018
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.3.2.2 mode:remove_FC converted:08.02.2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Keywords: microrna,circulating microrna,myomirs,skeletal muscle,biomarker
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Keywords: microrna, circulating microrna, myomirs, skeletal muscle, biomarker

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