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      Application of Collagen Scaffold in Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and New Perspectives

      review-article
      1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , *
      Polymers
      MDPI
      collagen, biomaterial, scaffold, tissue engineering, extracellular matrix

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          Abstract

          Collagen is the main structural protein of most hard and soft tissues in animals and the human body, which plays an important role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and provides physical support to tissues. Collagen can be extracted and purified from a variety of sources and offers low immunogenicity, a porous structure, good permeability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Collagen scaffolds have been widely used in tissue engineering due to these excellent properties. However, the poor mechanical property of collagen scaffolds limits their applications to some extent. To overcome this shortcoming, collagen scaffolds can be cross-linked by chemical or physical methods or modified with natural/synthetic polymers or inorganic materials. Biochemical factors can also be introduced to the scaffold to further improve its biological activity. This review will summarize the structure and biological characteristics of collagen and introduce the preparation methods and modification strategies of collagen scaffolds. The typical application of a collagen scaffold in tissue engineering (including nerve, bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, blood vessel and skin) will be further provided. The prospects and challenges about their future research and application will also be pointed out.

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          Most cited references116

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          Electrospinning of Collagen Nanofibers

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            Biomimetic materials for tissue engineering.

            Peter Ma (2008)
            Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is an exciting research area that aims at regenerative alternatives to harvested tissues for transplantation. Biomaterials play a pivotal role as scaffolds to provide three-dimensional templates and synthetic extracellular matrix environments for tissue regeneration. It is often beneficial for the scaffolds to mimic certain advantageous characteristics of the natural extracellular matrix, or developmental or wound healing programs. This article reviews current biomimetic materials approaches in tissue engineering. These include synthesis to achieve certain compositions or properties similar to those of the extracellular matrix, novel processing technologies to achieve structural features mimicking the extracellular matrix on various levels, approaches to emulate cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and biologic delivery strategies to recapitulate a signaling cascade or developmental/wound healing program. The article also provides examples of enhanced cellular/tissue functions and regenerative outcomes, demonstrating the excitement and significance of the biomimetic materials for tissue engineering and regeneration.
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              Collagens—structure, function, and biosynthesis

              K Gelse (2003)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Polymers (Basel)
                Polymers (Basel)
                polymers
                Polymers
                MDPI
                2073-4360
                04 February 2016
                February 2016
                : 8
                : 2
                : 42
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; happydcj@ 123456126.com
                [2 ]Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: yglv@ 123456cqu.edu.cn ; Tel./Fax: +86-23-6510-2507
                Article
                polymers-08-00042
                10.3390/polym8020042
                6432532
                30979136
                d4006bcd-f62e-4640-9441-d2e3a24a82c7
                © 2016 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 13 December 2015
                : 27 January 2016
                Categories
                Review

                collagen,biomaterial,scaffold,tissue engineering,extracellular matrix

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