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      Gender Differences for the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence Among Healthcare Professionals in Shandong, China

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          Abstract

          Background

          Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare professionals (HPs) has been recognized as important occupational health and societal problem in the world. Many studies were also conducted to explore the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of WPV against HPs. Although the gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors of WPV against HPs have been implied in many studies, fewer studies were conducted to explore the gender differences for WPV against HPs, especially in China. In this study, we aim to analyze the gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors of WPV against HPs in Shandong, China.

          Methods

          This study was conducted among HPs with a cross-sectional design. WPV, social-demographic variables, occupational characteristics, physical disease, social support, and depression were evaluated for the participated HPs. The prevalence and risk factors of WPV among male healthcare professionals (MHPs) and female healthcare professionals (FHPs) were analyzed in this study. Student's t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regressions were performed to test the associated factors of WPV among MHPs and FHPs.

          Results

          The prevalence of WPV among MHPs and FHPs was 61.4 and 48.8%, respectively. Being silent was the most common method of response to WPV among MHPs (52.3%) and FHPs (59.2%). For MHPs, the associated factors of WPV were master's degree (odds ratio (OR) =2.20, P < 0.05), bachelor's degree (OR = 2.49, P < 0.001), lower income level (OR = 1.81, P < 0.05), manager (OR = 1.81, P < 0.05), and depression (OR = 1.05, P < 0.001). For FHPs, the associated factors of WPV were a master's degree (OR = 1.58, P < 0.05), more working hours per week (OR = 1.02, P < 0.001), and depression (OR = 1.05, P < 0.001).

          Conclusion

          The prevalence of WPV among MHPs was higher than FHPs, and the associated factors for WPV against HPs were also different among MHPs and FHPs. The findings remind us that some gender-specific interventions are needed to control WPV against HPs.

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          The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population

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            The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

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              Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods.

              Robert G Newcombe (1998)
              Simple interval estimate methods for proportions exhibit poor coverage and can produce evidently inappropriate intervals. Criteria appropriate to the evaluation of various proposed methods include: closeness of the achieved coverage probability to its nominal value; whether intervals are located too close to or too distant from the middle of the scale; expected interval width; avoidance of aberrations such as limits outside [0,1] or zero width intervals; and ease of use, whether by tables, software or formulae. Seven methods for the single proportion are evaluated on 96,000 parameter space points. Intervals based on tail areas and the simpler score methods are recommended for use. In each case, methods are available that aim to align either the minimum or the mean coverage with the nominal 1 -alpha.
              Article 0 comments Cited 461 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Public Health
                Title: Frontiers in Public Health
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-2565
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 May 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 873936
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, China
                [2] 2National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University , Jinan, China
                [3] 3Binzhou People Hospital , Binzhou, China
                [4] 4Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Qingdao, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Tao Sun, Hangzhou Normal University, China

                Reviewed by: Huang Xianhong, Hangzhou Normal University, China; Lei Shi, Southern Medical University, China; Xiaoxv Yin, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China

                *Correspondence: Fei Qi qdqff@ 123456163.com

                This article was submitted to Occupational Health and Safety, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.873936
                PMC ID: 9108195
                PubMed ID: 35586009
                SO-VID: d415bdf8-a7cd-4b09-aeda-441888711f6a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Sun, Zhang, Qi and Wang.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 11 February 2022
                Date accepted : 30 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 8, Words: 6881
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, doi 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 71974114
                Categories
                Subject: Public Health
                Subject: Original Research

                Keywords: workplace violence,prevalence,risk factor,gender difference,healthcare professionals,china
                Data availability:
                Keywords: workplace violence, prevalence, risk factor, gender difference, healthcare professionals, china

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