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      Ethnic and Geographic Differentiation of Helicobacter pylori within Iran

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          Abstract

          The bacterium Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach, with individual infections persisting for decades. The spread of the bacterium has been shown to reflect both ancient and recent human migrations. We have sequenced housekeeping genes from H. pylori isolated from 147 Iranians with well-characterized geographical and ethnic origins sampled throughout Iran and compared them with sequences from strains from other locations. H. pylori from Iran are similar to others isolated from Western Eurasia and can be placed in the previously described HpEurope population. Despite the location of Iran at the crossroads of Eurasia, we found no evidence that the region been a major source of ancestry for strains across the continent. On a smaller scale, we found genetic affinities between the H. pylori isolated from particular Iranian populations and strains from Turks, Uzbeks, Palestinians and Israelis, reflecting documented historical contacts over the past two thousand years.

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          Most cited references17

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          Arlequin (version 3.0): An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis

          Arlequin ver 3.0 is a software package integrating several basic and advanced methods for population genetics data analysis, like the computation of standard genetic diversity indices, the estimation of allele and haplotype frequencies, tests of departure from linkage equilibrium, departure from selective neutrality and demographic equilibrium, estimation or parameters from past population expansions, and thorough analyses of population subdivision under the AMOVA framework. Arlequin 3 introduces a completely new graphical interface written in C++, a more robust semantic analysis of input files, and two new methods: a Bayesian estimation of gametic phase from multi-locus genotypes, and an estimation of the parameters of an instantaneous spatial expansion from DNA sequence polymorphism. Arlequin can handle several data types like DNA sequences, microsatellite data, or standard multi-locus genotypes. A Windows version of the software is freely available on http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3.
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            Helicobacter pylori infection.

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              MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software.

              We have developed a new software package, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2 (MEGA2), for exploring and analyzing aligned DNA or protein sequences from an evolutionary perspective. MEGA2 vastly extends the capabilities of MEGA version 1 by: (1) facilitating analyses of large datasets; (2) enabling creation and analyses of groups of sequences; (3) enabling specification of domains and genes; (4) expanding the repertoire of statistical methods for molecular evolutionary studies; and (5) adding new modules for visual representation of input data and output results on the Microsoft Windows platform. http://www.megasoftware.net. s.kumar@asu.edu
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                1932-6203
                2010
                22 March 2010
                : 5
                : 3
                : e9645
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Bacteriology and Virology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
                [4 ]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
                [5 ]Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Institute of Immunology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
                [6 ]Department of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
                [7 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
                [8 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [9 ]Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
                [10 ]Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
                [11 ]Department of Gastroenterology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
                [12 ]Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Hannover, Germany
                [13 ]Department of Microbiology, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
                University of Hyderabad, India
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: SAG FS SM MA RM DF. Performed the experiments: SLN BL TK AHS AAS MM KG AG. Analyzed the data: SLN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SS. Wrote the paper: SLN DF.

                Article
                09-PONE-RA-15162R1
                10.1371/journal.pone.0009645
                2842290
                20339588
                d42b89a4-8b13-46e0-8bda-ebd7ce9b43ca
                Latifi-Navid et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                : 24 December 2009
                : 12 February 2010
                Page count
                Pages: 8
                Categories
                Research Article
                Genetics and Genomics/Comparative Genomics
                Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics
                Genetics and Genomics/Population Genetics
                Microbiology/Medical Microbiology

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                Uncategorized

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