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      Situación epidemiológica actual del VIH/SIDA en Latinoamérica en la primera década del siglo XXI: Análisis de las diferencias entre países Translated title: Current epidemiological situation of HIV/AIDS in Latin America: Analysis of differences among countries

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          Translated abstract

          Background: There is a great regional heterogeneity in the prevalence of HIV/ AIDS. Aim: To analyze the current situation of HIV/AIDS in Latin America by means of a comparative analysis among countries. Material and Methods: In a descriptive study (document analysis), epidemiological data about HIV/AIDS in Latin America as well as population data were used. Prevalence indexes and the distribution of HIV/AIDS cases were compared according to gender, age and transmission mode. Results: Dominican Republic, Panama, El Salvador and Honduras are the countries with the highest prevalence indexes. Colombia is in the first position in percentage of young men with HIV/AIDS and it is in the second position in percentage of children. Costa Rica is the second country for percentage of young men and male adults infected with HIV/AIDS. Paraguay is in the second place for children with HIV/AIDS and it is the third country in young men living with HIV/AIDS. Dominican Republic is in the first position in the percentage of young and adult females living with HIV/AIDS. The main transmission mode in all Latin American countries is sexual intercourse (heterosexual and homo/bisexual). Conclusions: Latin America is a heterogeneous region in HIV/AIDS which should be considered in the development and establishment of prevention strategies.

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          HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: a systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage.

          Bradley M Mathers, Louisa Degenhardt, Hammad Ali … (2010)
          Previous reviews have examined the existence of HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for injecting drug users (IDUs) worldwide, but they did not quantify the scale of coverage. We undertook a systematic review to estimate national, regional, and global coverage of HIV services in IDUs. We did a systematic search of peer-reviewed (Medline, BioMed Central), internet, and grey-literature databases for data published in 2004 or later. A multistage process of data requests and verification was undertaken, involving UN agencies and national experts. National data were obtained for the extent of provision of the following core interventions for IDUs: needle and syringe programmes (NSPs), opioid substitution therapy (OST) and other drug treatment, HIV testing and counselling, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and condom programmes. We calculated national, regional, and global coverage of NSPs, OST, and ART on the basis of available estimates of IDU population sizes. By 2009, NSPs had been implemented in 82 countries and OST in 70 countries; both interventions were available in 66 countries. Regional and national coverage varied substantially. Australasia (202 needle-syringes per IDU per year) had by far the greatest rate of needle-syringe distribution; Latin America and the Caribbean (0.3 needle-syringes per IDU per year), Middle East and north Africa (0.5 needle-syringes per IDU per year), and sub-Saharan Africa (0.1 needle-syringes per IDU per year) had the lowest rates. OST coverage varied from less than or equal to one recipient per 100 IDUs in central Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa, to very high levels in western Europe (61 recipients per 100 IDUs). The number of IDUs receiving ART varied from less than one per 100 HIV-positive IDUs (Chile, Kenya, Pakistan, Russia, and Uzbekistan) to more than 100 per 100 HIV-positive IDUs in six European countries. Worldwide, an estimated two needle-syringes (range 1-4) were distributed per IDU per month, there were eight recipients (6-12) of OST per 100 IDUs, and four IDUs (range 2-18) received ART per 100 HIV-positive IDUs. Worldwide coverage of HIV prevention, treatment, and care services in IDU populations is very low. There is an urgent need to improve coverage of these services in this at-risk population. UN Office on Drugs and Crime; Australian National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Report on the global AIDS epidemic.

            (2008)
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              Diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV-infected populations in Europe.

              Richard A. Phillips, Françoise F Hamers (2008)
              This article aims to build a picture of HIV epidemiology in Europe by combining existing surveillance data to mathematical modelling to achieve observations closer to the dynamic reality of HIV infections across different parts of Europe. In the European Union (EU), where it is estimated that 30% of HIV-infected persons have not been diagnosed, the number of new HIV diagnoses has risen in recent years. However, trends must be interpreted with some caution around the differences and variations in surveillance systems and testing rates among affected populations and regions. By introducing mathematical models, we can build an overall picture from the pieces of information available. We present a mathematical model of the course of infection and the effect of ART which has been developed to fit as closely as possible to observed data from HIV cohorts. The preliminary estimates for the entire WHO European Region are that around 2.3 million people were living with HIV in Europe at the end of 2006, of whom around 50% have not been diagnosed. The model can also be used to assess the potential impact of earlier diagnoses. Observations show how a combination of surveillance data and modelling allows an estimation of the current state of the epidemic in Europe, though further developments in both areas are needed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): rmc
                Title: Revista médica de Chile
                Abbreviated Title: Rev. méd. Chile
                Publisher: Sociedad Médica de Santiago (Santiago, , Chile )
                ISSN (Print): 0034-9887
                Publication date (Print and electronic): January 2012
                Volume: 140
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 50-58
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología España
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0034-98872012000100007 Publisher ID: S0034-9887(12)14000107
                DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872012000100007
                SO-VID: d440b0ff-e380-4bb7-afc1-fb7c9e6b89ec
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 28 July 2011
                Date accepted : 25 October 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Subject: ARTICULOS DE INVESTIGACION

                Keywords: Latin America,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Latin America, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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