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      A comparison of verbal person marking across Tupian languages Translated title: Uma comparação da marcação verbal de pessoa nas línguas Tupí

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          Abstract

          Abstract: This paper explores the diachrony of the verbal person marking system across the large and structurally diverse Tupian language family. I argue that the historical development of these different patterns are best informed by analyzing their synchronic distributions with regard to the current evolutionary hypotheses on the family. I apply a parsimony reconstruction model across the topology of two different classifications and compare the results with what is known from traditional historical linguistic work. This study is able to provide support for previous claims about the family and also generates a number of additional hypotheses about the intermediate stages of development of these patterns.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Este artigo explora a diacronia dos sistemas de marcação verbal de pessoa entre as línguas da grande e estruturalmente diversa família linguística Tupí. Argumento que o melhor jeito para entender o desenvolvimento histórico dos padrões diferentes de marcação de pessoa é analisar suas distribuições sincrônicas em relação às hipóteses classificatórias desta família. Aplico um modelo de reconstrução com base em parcimônia à topologia de duas classificações diferentes e comparo os resultados com o que já sabemos através de trabalhos que utilizam o método histórico-comparativo tradicional. Os resultados deste estudo apoiam várias hipóteses anteriores sobre a família, e também geram algumas hipóteses adicionais sobre os estágios intermediários do desenvolvimento destes padrões.

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          Toward Defining the Course of Evolution: Minimum Change for a Specific Tree Topology

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            Mesquite: A modular system for evolutionary analysis

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              Cultural Phylogenetics of the Tupi Language Family in Lowland South America

              Background Recent advances in automated assessment of basic vocabulary lists allow the construction of linguistic phylogenies useful for tracing dynamics of human population expansions, reconstructing ancestral cultures, and modeling transition rates of cultural traits over time. Methods Here we investigate the Tupi expansion, a widely-dispersed language family in lowland South America, with a distance-based phylogeny based on 40-word vocabulary lists from 48 languages. We coded 11 cultural traits across the diverse Tupi family including traditional warfare patterns, post-marital residence, corporate structure, community size, paternity beliefs, sibling terminology, presence of canoes, tattooing, shamanism, men's houses, and lip plugs. Results/Discussion The linguistic phylogeny supports a Tupi homeland in west-central Brazil with subsequent major expansions across much of lowland South America. Consistently, ancestral reconstructions of cultural traits over the linguistic phylogeny suggest that social complexity has tended to decline through time, most notably in the independent emergence of several nomadic hunter-gatherer societies. Estimated rates of cultural change across the Tupi expansion are on the order of only a few changes per 10,000 years, in accord with previous cultural phylogenetic results in other language families around the world, and indicate a conservative nature to much of human culture.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bgoeldi
                Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas
                Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Ciênc. hum.
                MCTI/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (Belém )
                2178-2547
                August 2015
                : 10
                : 2
                : 325-345
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Brasil
                Article
                S1981-81222015000200325
                10.1590/1981-81222015000200007.
                d455634a-97e8-45ab-adec-8627b5587b68

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1981-8122&lng=en
                Categories
                ANTHROPOLOGY
                ARCHAEOLOGY

                Archaeology,Anthropology
                Morphosyntactic reconstruction,Phylogeny,Maximum Parsimony,Tupian,Indigenous Languages,Reconstrução Morfossintática,Filogenia,Máxima Parcimônia,Tupí,Línguas Indígenas.

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