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      Technological Competence Is a Pre-condition for Effective Implementation of Virtual Reality Head Mounted Displays in Human Neuroscience: A Technological Review and Meta-Analysis

      systematic-review

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          Abstract

          Immersive virtual reality (VR) emerges as a promising research and clinical tool. However, several studies suggest that VR induced adverse symptoms and effects (VRISE) may undermine the health and safety standards, and the reliability of the scientific results. In the current literature review, the technical reasons for the adverse symptomatology are investigated to provide suggestions and technological knowledge for the implementation of VR head-mounted display (HMD) systems in cognitive neuroscience. The technological systematic literature indicated features pertinent to display, sound, motion tracking, navigation, ergonomic interactions, user experience, and computer hardware that should be considered by the researchers. Subsequently, a meta-analysis of 44 neuroscientific or neuropsychological studies involving VR HMD systems was performed. The meta-analysis of the VR studies demonstrated that new generation HMDs induced significantly less VRISE and marginally fewer dropouts. Importantly, the commercial versions of the new generation HMDs with ergonomic interactions had zero incidents of adverse symptomatology and dropouts. HMDs equivalent to or greater than the commercial versions of contemporary HMDs accompanied with ergonomic interactions are suitable for implementation in cognitive neuroscience. In conclusion, researchers' technological competency, along with meticulous methods and reports pertinent to software, hardware, and VRISE, are paramount to ensure the health and safety standards and the reliability of neuroscientific results.

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          Most cited references109

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          Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: An Enhanced Method for Quantifying Simulator Sickness

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            A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE): Speculations on the Role of Presence in Virtual Environments

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              Virtual reality in neuroscience research and therapy.

              Virtual reality (VR) environments are increasingly being used by neuroscientists to simulate natural events and social interactions. VR creates interactive, multimodal sensory stimuli that offer unique advantages over other approaches to neuroscientific research and applications. VR's compatibility with imaging technologies such as functional MRI allows researchers to present multimodal stimuli with a high degree of ecological validity and control while recording changes in brain activity. Therapists, too, stand to gain from progress in VR technology, which provides a high degree of control over the therapeutic experience. Here we review the latest advances in VR technology and its applications in neuroscience research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Hum Neurosci
                Front Hum Neurosci
                Front. Hum. Neurosci.
                Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1662-5161
                02 October 2019
                2019
                : 13
                : 342
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
                [2] 2Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
                [3] 3Lab of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples , Naples, Italy
                [4] 4Interdepartmental Centre for Planning and Research “Scienza Nuova”, Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples , Naples, Italy
                Author notes

                Edited by: Valerio Rizzo, University of Palermo, Italy

                Reviewed by: Camila Rosa De Oliveira, Faculdade Meridional (IMED), Brazil; Uri Maoz, Chapman University, United States

                *Correspondence: Panagiotis Kourtesis pkourtes@ 123456exseed.ed.ac.uk

                This article was submitted to Cognitive Neuroscience, a section of the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

                Article
                10.3389/fnhum.2019.00342
                6783565
                31632256
                d45c258d-074b-46ea-8afe-7b979893d6c0
                Copyright © 2019 Kourtesis, Collina, Doumas and MacPherson.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 27 June 2019
                : 18 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 103, Pages: 17, Words: 12156
                Categories
                Human Neuroscience
                Systematic Review

                Neurosciences
                virtual reality,vrise,hmd,cybersickness,neuroscience,neuropsychology,psychology,vr
                Neurosciences
                virtual reality, vrise, hmd, cybersickness, neuroscience, neuropsychology, psychology, vr

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