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      Rendimientos productivos y reproductivos de vacas lecheras en el primer cruzamiento rotativo en el altiplano del centro de México Translated title: Productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows in their first crossbreeding rotational program in the Mexican Plateau

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          Abstract

          La heterosis en ganado lechero cambia los parámetros productivos y reproductivos comparados con el ganado Holstein puro. El objetivo fue realizar cruzamientos rotativos con Holstein, Jersey, Montbeliarde y Sueco rojo y medir algunos rendimientos productivos y reproductivos. En los cruzamientos se usaron como base, vacas Holstein importadas (H; n = 200). Los grupos genéticos obtenidos de primera lactancia fueron: 1) H (n = 44), 2) F1J (50% Holstein y 50% Jersey; n = 58), 3) F1M (50% Holstein y 50% Montbeliarde; n = 72), 4) HJS (25% H, 25% J y 50% Sueco rojo S; n = 53). El porcentaje de vacas destinadas al rastro fue mayor (P = 0.05) en H (15%) que en las cruzas (5%). El periodo de días abiertos se prolongó (P = 0.03) en vacas H (160.8 ± 21.7), comparadas con las F1J (108.6 ± 9.5), F1M (121.6 ± 9.1) y HJS (121.6 ± 11.8). El intervalo de partos proyectado se incrementó (P = 0.03) en H (443.8 ± 21.7 días), comparado con las cruzas F1J (388.4 ± 9.4), F1M (401.0 ± 8.8), HJS (402.9 ± 13.7). Las vacas H (10,040.9 ± 232.2 kg) produjeron más (P = 0.0001) leche que las F1J (9,050 ± 161.4), F1M (8,866.0 ± 157.4) y HJS (8,856.3 ± 160.0). Todas las variables fueron similares entre las cruzas (P = 0.10). Los servicios por concepción fueron similares (P = 0.10) en todos los grupos. En conclusión, las vacas con heterosis, sin importar el genotipo, tuvieron un menor porcentaje de rastro, días abiertos e intervalo de partos que las Holstein, aunque éstas tuvieron una mayor producción.

          Translated abstract

          Crossbred dairy cows differ in productive and reproductive traits compared to purebred Holsteins. The objectives of this study were to breed Holstein, Jersey, Montbeliarde and Swedish Red using a breed rotational crossbreeding system and evaluate some productive and reproductive performance. Imported Holstein cows were used H (n = 200) as the basis for crossbreeding. The genetic groups obtained in first lactation were: 1) H (n = 44); 2) F1J (50% Holstein and 50% Jersey, n = 58); 3) F1M (50% Holstein and 50% Montbeliarde, n = 72); 4) HJS (25% Holstein, 25% Jersey and 50% Swedish Red, n = 53). Percentage of cows removed was higher (P = 0.05) in H (15%) than crossbred cows (5%). Days open period was greater (P = 0.03) in H (160.8 ± 21.7) than F1J (108.6 ± 9.5), F1M (121.6 ± 9.1) and HJS (121.6 ± 11.8) Projected calving interval was higher (P = 0.03) in H (443.8 ± 21.7 days) than F1J (388.4 ± 9.4), F1M (401.0 ± 8.8), HJS (402.9 ± 13.7). Holstein cows (10,040.9 ± 232.2 kg) produced more milk (P = 0.0001) than F1J (9.050 ± 161.4), F1M (8,866.0 ± 157.4) and HJS cows (8,856.3 ± 160.0). All variables were similar between the crosses (P = 0.10) Services per conception were similar (P = 0.10) in all groups. In conclusion, crossbred cows, regardless of the genotype, had lower percentage of cows removed from the herd, less days open and calving interval than Holstein. However, Holstein cows produced more milk than crossbreds.

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          Most cited references21

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          Crossbreds of Jersey x Holstein compared with pure Holsteins for production, fertility, and body and udder measurements during first lactation.

          Jersey x Holstein crossbreds (JxH; n = 76) were compared with pure Holsteins (n = 73) for 305-d milk, fat, and protein production; conception rate; days open; proportion of cows pregnant within fixed intervals postpartum; and body and udder measurements during first lactation. Cows were housed at 2 research locations of the University of Minnesota and calved from September 2003 to May 2005. The JxH were mated to Montbeliarde sires, and Holstein cows were mated to Holstein sires. Best Prediction was used to determine actual production (milk, fat, and protein) for 305-d lactations with adjustment for age at calving, and records less than 305 d were projected to 305 d. The JxH (274 kg) and pure Holsteins (277 kg) were not significantly different for fat production, but JxH had significantly less milk (7,147 vs. 7,705 kg) and protein (223 vs. 238 kg) production than pure Holsteins. The JxH had significantly fewer days open than pure Holsteins (127 vs. 150 d). Also, a significantly greater proportion of JxH were pregnant at 150 and 180 d postpartum than pure Holsteins (75 vs. 59% and 77 vs. 61%, respectively). The JxH had significantly less body weight (60 kg) at calving, but significantly greater body condition (2.80 vs. 2.71). Furthermore, JxH had significantly less udder clearance from the ground to the bottom of the udder than pure Holsteins (47.7 vs. 54.6 cm), and greater distance between front teats (15.8 vs. 14.0 cm) than pure Holsteins during first lactation.
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            Review: effect of protein nutrition on ovarian and uterine physiology in dairy cattle.

            Amy Butler (1998)
            Milk production and dry matter intake of dairy cows are stimulated in response to increased intake of dietary protein, but, unfortunately, decreased fertility is often associated with this nutritional strategy. Ruminally degradable protein or ruminally undegradable protein in excess of requirement can contribute to reduced fertility in lactating cows. Dietary protein nutrition or utilization and the associated effects on ovarian or uterine physiology have been monitored with urea nitrogen in plasma or milk; concentrations above 19 mg/dl have been associated with altered uterine pH and reduced fertility in dairy cows. The uterine pH changed dynamically and inversely with plasma urea nitrogen, signaling possible changes in the uterine milieu. Mechanisms for reduced fertility include exacerbation of negative energy balance and reduced plasma progesterone concentrations when cows were fed rations that were high in ruminally degradable intake protein. Alternatively, changes in uterine secretions that are associated with high protein intake and elevated plasma urea nitrogen might be detrimental to embryos. Bovine endometrial cells in culture respond directly to increasing urea concentrations with alteration in pH gradient but respond most notably with increased secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Increased uterine luminal PGF2 alpha interferes with embryo development and survival in cows, thus providing a plausible link between elevated plasma urea nitrogen concentrations and decreased fertility. Poor fertility in high producing dairy cows reflects the combined effects of a uterine environment that is dependent on progesterone and rendered suboptimum by the antecedent effects of negative energy balance or postpartum health problems and that is further compromised by the effects of urea resulting from intake of high dietary protein.
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              Production of pure Holsteins versus crossbreds of Holstein with Normande, Montbeliarde, and Scandinavian Red.

              Pure Holsteins (n = 380) were compared to Normande/Holstein crossbreds (n = 245), Montbeliarde/Holstein crossbreds (n = 494), and Scandinavian Red/Holstein crossbreds (n = 328) for 305-d milk, fat, and protein production during first lactation. Scandinavian Red was a mixture of Swedish Red and Norwegian Red. Cows were housed at 7 commercial dairies in California and calved from June 2002 to January 2005. All Holstein sires and all Holstein maternal grandsires were required to have a code assigned by the National Association of Animal Breeders to assure they were sired by artificial insemination bulls. Daughters of Normande, Montbeliarde, and Scandinavian Red sires were artificial insemination bulls via imported semen. Best prediction was used to calculate actual production (milk, fat, and protein) for 305-d lactations. Adjustment was made for age at calving and milking frequency, and records less than 305 d were projected to 305 d. Herd-year-season (4-mo seasons) and the genetic level of each cow's Holstein maternal grandsire were included in the model for statistical analysis. Pure Holsteins had significantly higher milk (9,757 kg) and protein (305 kg) production than all crossbred groups, but pure Holsteins (346 kg) were not significantly different from Scandinavian Red/Holstein (340 kg) crossbreds for fat production. Fat plus protein production was used to gauge the overall productivity of pure Holsteins vs. crossbreds. The Scandinavian Red/Holstein (637 kg) crossbreds were not significantly different from the pure Holstein (651 kg) for fat plus protein production; however, the Normande/Holstein (596 kg) and the Montbeliarde/Holstein crossbreds (627 kg) had significantly lower fat plus protein production than pure Holsteins.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                vetmex
                Veterinaria México
                Vet. Méx
                Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM (México, DF, Mexico )
                0301-5092
                March 2013
                : 44
                : 1
                : 17-22
                Affiliations
                [01] Tuxpan Veracruz orgnameUniversidad Veracruzana orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias
                [02] México D.F. orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias orgdiv2Departamento de Reproducción Animal
                [03] Hidalgo orgnameGranja Tepeyac, Francisco I. Madero, Hidalgo
                Article
                S0301-50922013000100002 S0301-5092(13)04400100002
                d460e7a2-9c56-4dff-8faa-fb57903ee1ac

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 April 2012
                : 20 August 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                crosses,heterosis,Rotational crossbreeding,cruzas,Cruzamiento rotativo

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