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      Super anticorrosion of aluminized steel by a controlled Mg supply

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          Abstract

          The current anticorrosion strategy makes use of coatings to passively protect the steel, which faces increasing challenge due to the tightened environmental regulations and high cost. This paper reports a new method for achieving a super anticorrosion function in Al-Si alloys through Mg nano-metallurgy, which was characterized by real-time synchrotron measurements. The unique function is based on the formation of an amorphous and self-charge-compensated MgAl 2O 4-SiO 2 phase between the grain boundaries to help prevent the penetration of oxygen species through the grain boundaries. Through this, the corrosion resistance of pristine aluminized steel could be improved almost 20 fold. An analysis of the phases, microstructures of the Mg-coated aluminized layer and corrosion products consistently supported the proposed mechanism. This charge-compensated corrosion resistance mechanism provides novel insight into corrosion resistance.

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          Materials science: Share corrosion data.

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            Why stainless steel corrodes.

            Stainless steels are used in countless diverse applications for their corrosion resistance. Although they have extremely good general resistance, they are nevertheless susceptible to pitting corrosion. This localized dissolution of an oxide-covered metal in specific aggressive environments is one of the most common and catastrophic causes of failure of metallic structures. The pitting process has been described as random, sporadic and stochastic and the prediction of the time and location of events remains extremely difficult. Many contested models of pitting corrosion exist, but one undisputed aspect is that manganese sulphide inclusions play a critical role. Indeed, the vast majority of pitting events are found to occur at, or adjacent to, such second-phase particles. Chemical changes in and around sulphide inclusions have been postulated as a mechanism for pit initiation but such variations have never been measured. Here we use nanometre-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy to demonstrate a significant reduction in the Cr:Fe ratio of the steel matrix around MnS particles. These chromium-depleted zones are susceptible to high-rate dissolution that 'triggers' pitting. The implications of these results are that materials processing conditions control the likelihood of corrosion failures, and these data provide a basis for optimizing such conditions.
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              Impermeable Barrier Films and Protective Coatings Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide

              Barrier films preventing permeation of gases and moistures are important for many industries ranging from food to medical and from chemical to electronic. From this perspective, graphene has recently attracted particular interest because its defect free monolayers are impermeable to all gases and liquids. However, it has proved challenging to develop large-area defectless graphene films suitable for industrial use. Here we report barrier properties of multilayer graphitic films made by chemical reduction of easily and cheaply produced graphene oxide laminates. They are found to provide a practically perfect barrier that blocks all gases, liquids and aggressive chemicals including, for example, hydrofluoric acid. In particular, if graphene oxide laminates are reduced in hydroiodic acid, no permeation of hydrogen and water could be detected for films as thin as 30 nm, which remain optically transparent. The films thicker than 100 nm become completely impermeable. The exceptional barrier properties are attributed to a high degree of graphitization of the laminates and little structural damage during reduction. This work indicates a close prospect of thin protective coatings with stability and inertness similar to that of graphene and bulk graphite, which can be interesting for numerous applications.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jijeong@rist.re.kr
                wuping@sutd.edu.sg
                sangsub@inha.ac.kr
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                28 February 2018
                28 February 2018
                2018
                : 8
                : 3760
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0604 2189, GRID grid.464658.d, Materials Solution Research Group, , Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology, ; 67 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
                [2 ]Posco Smart Coating Technology-Dry Coating Project Dept., POSCO Gwangyang Research Lab., 20-26 Pokposarang-gil, Gwangyang, 57807 Republic of Korea
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9980 6151, GRID grid.258690.0, Division of Marine Engineering, , Korea Maritime & Ocean University, ; 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu Busan, 49112 Republic of Korea
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0500 7631, GRID grid.263662.5, Entropic Interface Group, , Singapore University of Technology & Design, ; Singapore, 487372 Singapore
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2364 8385, GRID grid.202119.9, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Inha University, ; Incheon, 22212 Republic of Korea
                Article
                22097
                10.1038/s41598-018-22097-z
                5830645
                29491373
                d47bcbe6-b75e-433d-b8de-43ab6cb3e3ae
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 12 September 2017
                : 14 February 2018
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