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      Two new species of the rare Neotropical caddisfly genus Amphoropsyche Holzenthal (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          Two new species in the rare, endemic Neotropical caddisfly genus Amphoropsyche Holzenthal, 1985 are described from Ecuador ( A. carchi sp. n.) and Peru ( A. matsigenka sp. n.) bringing to 17 the number of species known in the genus. Almost all species are known from only a few individuals and from even fewer localities. The new species belong to a group of 10 other species that have tergum X in the male genitalia divided into a mesal process and a pair of lateral processes. Amphoropsyche carchi can be separated from those species by the rounded mesal concavity, the short mesobasal lobe, and the short 2nd article of the inferior appendage, while A. matsigenka can be diagnosed by the very slender and straight inferior appendage, which bears a pair of spine-like mesoventral projections. We also present a new record for Amphoropsyche tandayapa Holzenthal & Rázuri-Gonzales, 2011, from Ecuador, previously known only from the male holotype.

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          Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies)

          Abstract The Neotropical caddisfly ( Trichoptera ) fauna is cataloged from a review of over 1,000 literature citations through 2015 (partial 2016) to include 3,262 currently recognized, valid species-group names in 25 families and 155 extant genera. Fourteen subspecies are included in the total as well as 35 fossil species and 1 fossil genus. The region covered includes all of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. Genus-group and species-group synonyms are listed. For each nominal species, information on the type locality, type depository, sex of type, distribution by country, and other pertinent taxonomic or biological information is included. Summary information on taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution, immature stages, and biology are provided for each family and genus where known. An extensive index to all nominal taxa is included to facilitate use of the catalog. The glossosomatid species Mexitrichia usseglioi Rueda Martín & Gibon, is transferred to Mortoniella comb. n.
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            Diversity and distribution of the Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Ecuador

            Background Aquatic insects and other freshwater animals are some of the most threatened forms of life on Earth. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are highly biodiverse in the Neotropics and occupy a wide variety of freshwater habitats. In Andean countries, including Ecuador, knowledge of the aquatic biota is limited, and there is a great need for baseline data on the species found in these countries. Here we present the first list of Trichoptera known from Ecuador, a country that harbors two global biodiversity “hotspots.” Methods We conducted a literature review of species previously reported from Ecuador and supplemented these data with material we collected during five recent field inventories from about 40 localities spanning both hotspots. Using species presence data for each Ecuadorian province, we calculated the CHAO 2 species estimator to obtain the minimum species richness for the country. Results We recorded 310 species, including 48 new records from our own field inventories for the country. CHAO 2 calculations showed that only 54% of the species have been found. Hydroptilidae and Hydropsychidae were the most species rich families. We report the family Xiphocentronidae for the first time from Ecuador as well as several new records of genera from different families. Discussion As in the neighboring Andean countries of Colombia and Peru, it is common to find undescribed species of caddisflies. There are vast areas of Ecuador and the northern Andes that are completely unexplored, and we expect that hundreds of new species are yet to be discovered.
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              Collection and curation of Trichoptera, with an emphasis on pinned material.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                ZooKeys
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2017
                10 October 2017
                : 707
                : 63-72
                Affiliations
                [1 ] University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, 1980 Folwell Ave., 219 Hodson Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 U.S.A.
                [2 ] Universidad de Las Américas, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Agropecuarias, Ingeniería Ambiental, Campus Queri, Calle José Queri, Edificio #8, PB, Quito, Ecuador
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Ralph W. Holzenthal ( holze001@ 123456umn.edu )

                Academic editor: A. Previšić

                Article
                10.3897/zookeys.707.20759
                5674145
                29118628
                d4b814b2-5e14-4316-b3ac-719984614846
                Ernesto Rázuri-Gonzales, Ralph W. Holzenthal, Blanca Ríos-Touma

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 1 September 2017
                : 25 September 2017
                Categories
                Research Article

                Animal science & Zoology
                endemic,new species,taxonomy,ecuador,peru,neotropics,male genitalia,andes,south america
                Animal science & Zoology
                endemic, new species, taxonomy, ecuador, peru, neotropics, male genitalia, andes, south america

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