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      Evaluation de l’état vaccinal contre l’hépatite B et portage de l’Ag HBs chez le personnel médical et paramédical de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Cameroun Translated title: Evaluation of vaccination status against hepatitis B and HBsAg carriage among medical and paramedical staff of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          L’hépatite virale B est une affection à haut risque pour le personnel de santé. Au Cameroun, la vaccination contre le virus de l’hépatite B n'est pas obligatoire pour le personnel de santé. Le but de l’étude était d'évaluer l’état vaccinal contre l’hépatite virale B et la prévalence de l’Antigène HBs au sein du personnel médical et paramédical de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé.

          Méthodes

          Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective, transversale menée à l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé du 1er juillet au 31 octobre 2011. Toute personne membre du corps médical et paramédical ayant signée la fiche de consentement éclairé était incluse dans l’étude. Ceux ayant refusé de signer la fiche de consentement éclairé ou dont la fiche d'enquête n'avait pas été complètement remplie étaient exclus de l’étude. Une recherche systématique de l’antigène HBs était effectuée chez chaque personne incluse dans l’étude.

          Résultats

          Au total 282 personnes ont participé à l’étude sur 760, soit un taux de participation de 37,1%. Les personnes ne connaissant pas leur statut sérologique vis-à-vis du virus de l’hépatite B était au nombre de 221 (85%). Deux cent vingt-cinq (86,5%) personnes n'étaient pas vaccinées contre l’hépatite B. Les personnes ayant reçu moins de 3 doses du vaccin contre l’hépatite virale B étaient au nombre de 23 (8,8%). Douze personnes (4,6%) déclaraient avoir reçu les 3 doses du vaccin contre l’hépatite virale B. La prévalence de l’antigène HBs était de 6,6% (n = 12).

          Conclusion

          Cette étude montre que la prévalence de l’hépatite virale B reste élevée chez le personnel de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé (6,6%). Il ya un besoin de sensibilisation du personnel médical aux risques liés à l’exercice de leur profession.

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          Most cited references18

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          Global programme for control of hepatitis B infection.

          The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has infected more than 2000 million persons alive today and 350 million persons are chronically infected carriers of the virus, at high risk of death from active hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular cancer. Each year approximately 1 million people die from the acute and chronic sequelae of HBV infection, making it one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in man. In May 1992, the World Health Assembly, the governing body of the World Health Organization, endorsed recommendations stating that countries with an HBV carrier prevalence of 8% or more should have hepatitis B vaccine integrated into their national immunization programmes by 1995 and that all countries should have such immunization in place by 1997. At present, 50 countries have a national policy of including hepatitis B vaccine as a routine part of their infant immunization programme--up from 25 countries in 1990. These countries represent 32% of the world's 145 million newborns, but 56% of the world's carriers. Several countries of 'low' endemicity are also recommending hepatitis B immunization of all newborns or adolescents (or both), realising that the strategy of 'high-risk group' immunization has failed to control HBV infection even in areas of low endemicity and that addition of hepatitis B vaccine to routine immunization schedules is highly cost-effective. All countries should establish working groups to examine the burden of disease due to HBV infection and the cost-effectiveness of adding hepatitis B vaccine to routine and/or adolescent immunization programmes.
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            EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B. 13-14 September, 2002 Geneva, Switzerland. Consensus statement (long version).

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              Hepatitis B in healthcare workers: prevalence, vaccination and relation to occupational factors.

              The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in healthcare workers (HCW) in Brazilian university hospitals is high. However, vaccination of these workers and relations with occupational factors are not well documented. A prospective study was made of 1,433 HCW and 872 administrative employees of the Hospital de Base (HB), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil, and 2,583 blood donor candidates from the Hospital Blood Bank. HCW were observed from January 1994 to December 1999. Data were obtained from exams made when a worker entered hospital service, periodically and after work-related injuries. Serological reactions were analyzed in HCW who received HBV vaccine. Occupational and non-occupational information was obtained through a questionnaire. The prevalence of HBV among HCW (0.8%) was significantly higher than in blood-donor candidates (0.2%). Among the HCW who were vaccinated, 86.4% were immunized. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased age reduced the chance of immunization. Among the occupational factors, time in service contributed to a 14% increase in the chances of having positive serology, and work-related injuries increased the risk of HBV infection 4.29 times. The maximum risk sector presented a larger number of HCW with positive anti-HBc serology. There was a higher seroconversion in HCW who received the full set of HBV vaccines. In HCW with positive serology, the factors that presented greatest risks were time in service, work-related injuries and maximum risk sector.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                23 November 2013
                2013
                : 16
                : 111
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service de gastroentérologie de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de l’Université de Douala, Cameroun
                [2 ]Hôpital de district de Bonassama, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de l’Université de Douala, Cameroun
                [3 ]Service de gastroentérologie de l’Hôpital général de Douala, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de l’Université de Douala, Cameroun
                [4 ]CHU de Cocody, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
                [5 ]Service de gastroentérologie de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Cameroun
                [6 ]Service de gastroentérologie du Centre hospialier Universitaire de Yaoundé, Faculté de Médecine et des SciencesBiomédicales de l’Université de Yaoundé 1, Cameroun
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Noah Noah Dominique, hépato gastroentérologue, chef de service de gastroentérologie de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Cameroun
                Article
                PAMJ-16-111
                10.11604/pamj.2013.16.111.2760
                3998895
                24778748
                d4c1e446-e87a-41ea-9d69-f929f1d592f8
                © Dominique Noah Noah et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 24 April 2013
                : 23 November 2013
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                hépatite virale b,prévalence,personnel de santé,vaccination,hôpital central de yaoundé,viral hepatitis b,prevalence,health personnel,yaoundé central hospital

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