Asociación entre actividad física y salud mental positiva en estudiantes de medicina en México: un estudio transversal  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Association between physical activity and positive mental health in medical students in Mexico: a cross-sectional study </span> <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Associação entre atividade física e saúde mental positiva em estudantes de medicina do México: um estudo transversal </span>

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Abstract

RESUMEN Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la relación entre la práctica de actividad física y aspectos positivos de la salud mental de alumnos de medicina en México. Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con una muestra aleatoria de 190 estudiantes, con edad media de 19.0 ±1.4 años, del primero y segundo grado de una escuela de medicina en la Ciudad de México. Se aplicó una batería de pruebas de salud mental positiva que comprendía escalas para evaluar la satisfacción de los jóvenes con la vida, su resiliencia, autoconcepto y compromiso, así como el IPAQ que evalúa su práctica de actividad física. Se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos, comparativos y de regresión lineal múltiple. Se encontró una asociación significativa del nivel de actividad física practicada por los alumnos con su satisfacción con la vida (B = -1.64, IC95% = -2.90, -0.38, p = .011) y su capacidad de resiliencia (B = -2.41, IC95% = -3.87, -0.95, p = .001), controlando por factores sociodemográficos. La actividad física tuvo una asociación significativa con aspectos positivos de la salud mental de estudiantes de medicina en México; por ello, intervenciones orientadas a favorecer la práctica de actividad física pueden diseñarse y utilizarse no sólo en el tratamiento y prevención de trastornos mentales, sino también para promover la salud mental entre esta población.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the relationship between the practice of physical activity and positive aspects of medical students' mental health in Mexico. This was a cross-sectional study that applied randomized sampling, and data from 190 students, with a mean age of 19.0 ±1.4 years, from the first and second grades of a medical school in Mexico City were analyzed. The questionnaire comprised scales to assess students' satisfaction with life, resilience, self-concept, and engagement, as well as the IPAQ that evaluates their practice of physical activity. Descriptive, comparative, and multiple linear regression analyses were carried out. A significant association was found between students' levels of physical activity, their satisfaction with life (B = -1.64, IC95% = -2.90, -0.38, p = .011) and their resilience skills (B = -2.41, IC95% = -3.87, -0.95, p = .001), controlling for sociodemographic factors. Physical activity had a significant association with positive aspects of Mexican medical students' mental health; thus, interventions aimed at improving physical activity practice can be designed and utilized not only in the treatment and prevention of mental disorders but also to promote mental health among this population.

Translated abstract

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a relação entre a prática de atividade física e aspectos positivos da saúde mental de estudantes de medicina do México. Este é um estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra aleatória de 190 alunos, com idade média de 19.0 ±1.4 anos, do primeiro e segundo ano de uma escola de medicina na Cidade do México. Foi aplicado um questionário que incluía escalas para avaliar a satisfação dos alunos com a vida, sua resiliência, autoconceito e comprometimento, além do IPAQ que avalia sua prática de atividade física. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, comparativas e de regressão linear múltipla. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre os níveis de atividade física praticados pelos alunos, a satisfação com a vida (B = -1.64, IC95% = -2.90, -0.38, p = .011) e a resiliência (B = -2.41, IC95% = -3.87, -0.95, p = .001), controlando para fatores sociodemográficos. A atividade física teve associação significativa com aspectos positivos da saúde mental de estudantes de medicina mexicanos; portanto, intervenções destinadas a promover a prática de atividade física podem ser planejadas e utilizadas não apenas no tratamento e prevenção de transtornos mentais, mas também para promover a saúde mental dessa população.

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The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back.

Bruce W. Smith, Jeanne Dalen, Kathryn J Wiggins … (2008)

While resilience has been defined as resistance to illness, adaptation, and thriving, the ability to bounce back or recover from stress is closest to its original meaning. Previous resilience measures assess resources that may promote resilience rather than recovery, resistance, adaptation, or thriving. To test a new brief resilience scale. The brief resilience scale (BRS) was created to assess the ability to bounce back or recover from stress. Its psychometric characteristics were examined in four samples, including two student samples and samples with cardiac and chronic pain patients. The BRS was reliable and measured as a unitary construct. It was predictably related to personal characteristics, social relations, coping, and health in all samples. It was negatively related to anxiety, depression, negative affect, and physical symptoms when other resilience measures and optimism, social support, and Type D personality (high negative affect and high social inhibition) were controlled. There were large differences in BRS scores between cardiac patients with and without Type D and women with and without fibromyalgia. The BRS is a reliable means of assessing resilience as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress and may provide unique and important information about people coping with health-related stressors.

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Effects of exercise on anxiety and depression disorders: review of meta- analyses and neurobiological mechanisms.

Mirko Wegner, Ingo Helmich, Sergio Machado … (2014)

Anxiety and depression are the most frequently diagnosed psychological diseases showing a high co-morbidity. They have a severe impact on the lives of the persons concerned. Many meta-analytical studies suggested a positive anxiolytic and depression-reducing effect of exercise programs. The aim of the present article is to synthesize metaanalyses on the effects of exercise on anxiety and depression and to describe average effect sizes. For this purpose 37 meta-analyses were included reporting 50 effect sizes for anxiety scores of 42,264 participants and depression scores of 48,207 persons. The average documented anxiolytic effect of exercise in these reviews was small, 0.34. In contrast, the effect of exercise on depression was significantly higher and at a moderate level, 0.56. Data of randomized controlled trials suggest higher sizes for the effect of exercise on anxiety and depression leading to increases up to moderate and large effects, respectively. Additionally, exercise seems to be more beneficial for patients compared to participants within a non-clinical, normal range of psychological disease. Especially for the effect of exercise on anxiety, more high quality meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials are needed. Finally, possible neurobiological explanations are suggested for the positive effect of exercise on psychological disorders like anxiety and depression.