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      Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reverses oral tremor in pharmacological models of parkinsonism: interaction with the effects of adenosine A2A antagonism.

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          Abstract

          Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is increasingly being employed as a treatment for parkinsonian symptoms, including tremor. The present studies used tremulous jaw movements, a pharmacological model of tremor in rodents, to investigate the tremorolytic effects of subthalamic DBS in rats. Subthalamic DBS reduced the tremulous jaw movements induced by the dopamine D2 family antagonist pimozide and the D1 family antagonist ecopipam, as well as the cholinomimetics pilocarpine and galantamine. The ability of DBS to suppress tremulous jaw movements was dependent on the neuroanatomical locus being stimulated (subthalamic nucleus vs. a striatal control site), as well as the frequency and intensity of stimulation used. Importantly, administration of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist MSX-3 reduced the frequency and intensity parameters needed to attenuate tremulous jaw movements. These results have implications for the clinical use of DBS, and future studies should determine whether adenosine A2A antagonism could be used to enhance the tremorolytic efficacy of subthalamic DBS at low frequencies and intensities in human patients.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Eur. J. Neurosci.
          The European journal of neuroscience
          1460-9568
          0953-816X
          Jul 2013
          : 38
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
          Article
          10.1111/ejn.12212
          23600953
          d5139870-6c06-4b7a-a7cb-7be3e6c3ba96
          © 2013 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
          History

          Parkinson's disease,acetylcholine,dopamine,muscarinic,tremulous jaw movements

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