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      The impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis in most populated state of India: A geospatial meta-analysis

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          A BSTRACT

          Background:

          Tuberculosis is one of the major burdens to developing nations. India is among the countries categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as experiencing a significant burden of TB, HIV-associated TB, and MDR/RR-TB within the context of low- and middle-income nations. Globally South East Asian and African region alone accounted for 82% of death (HIV negative), where India accounts for 36% of TB fatalities.

          Materials and Methods:

          The data was extracted from NIKSHAY web portal on TB notification cases in UP, India. The random effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled proportion of TB cases in public and private notified during both the periods. Spatial analysis was used to display the spread of TB cases across the state, during both the periods.

          Results:

          A total 75 districts data on TB notified cases were available for current investigation. The pooled proportion of TB cases were 0.24 (0.21, 0.27) and 0.76 (0.73, 0.79) during COVID-19 period for private and public hospitals, respectively. Similarly, the pooled proportion of TB cases were 0.26 (0.23, 0.29) and 0.74 (0.71, 0.77) post-COVID-19 for private and public hospitals, respectively.

          Conclusion:

          The proportion of TB cases were more in public hospital as compared to private hospitals during COVID-19 period. Similarly, result was obtained in post-COVID-19 period.

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          Most cited references29

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          The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application

          Background: A novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in China in December 2019. There is limited support for many of its key epidemiologic features, including the incubation period for clinical disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]), which has important implications for surveillance and control activities. Objective: To estimate the length of the incubation period of COVID-19 and describe its public health implications. Design: Pooled analysis of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported between 4 January 2020 and 24 February 2020. Setting: News reports and press releases from 50 provinces, regions, and countries outside Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Participants: Persons with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection outside Hubei province, China. Measurements: Patient demographic characteristics and dates and times of possible exposure, symptom onset, fever onset, and hospitalization. Results: There were 181 confirmed cases with identifiable exposure and symptom onset windows to estimate the incubation period of COVID-19. The median incubation period was estimated to be 5.1 days (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.8 days), and 97.5% of those who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days (CI, 8.2 to 15.6 days) of infection. These estimates imply that, under conservative assumptions, 101 out of every 10 000 cases (99th percentile, 482) will develop symptoms after 14 days of active monitoring or quarantine. Limitation: Publicly reported cases may overrepresent severe cases, the incubation period for which may differ from that of mild cases. Conclusion: This work provides additional evidence for a median incubation period for COVID-19 of approximately 5 days, similar to SARS. Our results support current proposals for the length of quarantine or active monitoring of persons potentially exposed to SARS-CoV-2, although longer monitoring periods might be justified in extreme cases. Primary Funding Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
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            Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis

            Highlights • COVID -19 cases are now confirmed in multiple countries. • Assessed the prevalence of comorbidities in infected patients. • Comorbidities are risk factors for severe compared with non-severe patients. • Help the health sector guide vulnerable populations and assess the risk of deterioration.
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              COVID-19—New Insights on a Rapidly Changing Epidemic

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Family Med Prim Care
                J Family Med Prim Care
                JFMPC
                J Family Med Prim Care
                Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
                Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                2249-4863
                2278-7135
                July 2024
                28 June 2024
                : 13
                : 7
                : 2576-2584
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Geography, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
                [2 ] Department of Community Medicine (Biostatistics), University College of Medical Sciecnes, Delhi, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Shashank Tripathi, Department of Community (Biostatistics), University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India. E-mail: tshashank70@ 123456yahoo.in
                Article
                JFMPC-13-2576
                10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1970_23
                11272013
                d52ee857-f5f4-45b2-b992-8c371a75a653
                Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                : 18 December 2023
                : 20 January 2024
                : 04 March 2024
                Categories
                Review Article

                covid-19,infectious diseases,meta-analysis,spatial analysis,tuberculosis

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