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      Role of Age and Acculturation in Diet Quality Among Mexican Americans — Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2012

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          Abstract

          Age and acculturation may play a role in diet quality among Mexican Americans. This study examined diet quality in Mexican Americans by age and whether acculturation influences diet quality across different age groups, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2010, improved with age except in categories of dairy, sodium, and refined grains. More acculturation was associated with lower scores in overall diet quality and categories of vegetables, fruits, and sodium and empty calories across almost all ages, but higher scores in grain categories, especially in younger groups. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables but low in fat and sodium should be promoted among more acculturated Mexican Americans, and whole-grain foods should be promoted among young but less acculturated Mexican Americans.

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          The role of acculturation in nutrition, lifestyle, and incidence of type 2 diabetes among Latinos.

          R Escamilla, Predrag Putnik (2007)
          Latinos have become the largest ethnic minority group in the U.S. and will become 25% of the population by 2050. The purpose of this critical review is to examine the influence of acculturation on type 2 diabetes and corresponding risk factors, including 1) dietary intake, 2) physical activity patterns, 3) smoking and alcohol consumption, and 4) obesity. Among Latinos, acculturation has been associated with obesity risk, suboptimal dietary choices including lack of breast-feeding, low intake of fruits and vegetables, a higher consumption of fats and artificial drinks containing high levels of refined sugar, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In contrast, acculturation has been positively associated with physical activity and a lower likelihood of type 2 diabetes among Latinos. However, findings have been inconsistent across acculturation indicators and appear to be strongly modified by Latino subethnicity and gender. It is important to improve existing acculturation measures available. Mexican Americans have been the target group in the majority of studies. Research in this group must continue but it is important to conduct additional research with other Latino subgroups that have been left out of most of the acculturation, lifestyles, and health outcomes research. Differences between acculturation and health-related outcomes may be confounded by socio-economic status, age, and movement from urban to rural areas. Longitudinal multivariate acculturation research is essential to disentangle these relations and to develop sound behavioral change theories that adequately predict behavioral change among Latinos.
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            Association of Acculturation Levels and Prevalence of Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

            Namratha R. Kandula, Ana V. Diez Roux, Cheeling Chan … (2008)
            OBJECTIVE—The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Hispanic and Asian Americans is increasing. These groups are largely comprised of immigrants who may be undergoing behavioral and lifestyle changes associated with development of diabetes. We studied the association between acculturation and diabetes in a population sample of 708 Mexican-origin Hispanics, 547 non–Mexican-origin Hispanics, and 737 Chinese participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl and/or use of antidiabetic medications. An acculturation score was calculated for all participants using nativity, years living in the U.S., and language spoken at home. The score ranged from 0 to 5 (0 = least acculturated and 5 = most acculturated). Relative risk regression was used to estimate the association between acculturation and diabetes. RESULTS—For non–Mexican-origin Hispanics, the prevalence of diabetes was positively associated with acculturation score, after adjustment for sociodemographics. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among the most acculturated versus the least acculturated non–Mexican-origin Hispanics (prevalence ratio 2.49 [95% CI 1.14−5.44]); the higher the acculturation score is, the higher the prevalence of diabetes (P for trend 0.059). This relationship between acculturation and diabetes was partly attenuated after adjustment for BMI or diet. Diabetes prevalence was not related to acculturation among Chinese or Mexican-origin Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS—Among non–Mexican-origin Hispanics in MESA, greater acculturation is associated with higher diabetes prevalence. The relation is at least partly mediated by BMI and diet. Acculturation is a factor that should be considered when predictors of diabetes in racial/ethnic groups are examined.
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              Healthy Eating Index and obesity.

              A. C. Warden, Jennifer G. Bray, S Paeratakul … (2004)
              There is a continuing need to examine the relationship between diet quality and health in the population. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) has been developed as a composite measure of diet quality by the US Department of Agriculture. The first objective was to use the HEI to assess the diet quality of a representative sample of the US population and population groups. The second objective was to examine the association between HEI and obesity. Cross-sectional analysis of data from 10 930 adults who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sociodemographic, physical activity, dietary, and health data were used in the analysis. Diet quality was assessed with the HEI score, ranging from 0 to 100, based on 10 dietary criteria. A low HEI score indicates poor diet. A majority of survey participants had a low HEI score. The percentage of individuals classified as having a poor diet varied by age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and education. A low HEI score was associated with overweight and obesity. There was a graded increase in the odds ratio of obesity across the HEI category after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, income, and education. An index of diet quality, such as HEI, may provide a comprehensive assessment of diet in the population. Since the HEI is based on the US Dietary Guidelines, the use of these guidelines as a way to improve health should be emphasized. However, the overall effectiveness of these guidelines in disease prevention needs to be studied further.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Prev Chronic Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Prev Chronic Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PCD
                Title: Preventing Chronic Disease
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-1151
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 July 2017
                Volume: 14
                Electronic Location Identifier: E59
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
                [2 ]Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
                [3 ]Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
                [4 ]Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
                [5 ]Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Tung-Sung Tseng, DrPH, 2020 Gravier St, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70112. Telephone: 504-568-6022. Email: ttseng@ 123456lsuhsc.edu .
                Article
                Publisher ID: 17_0004
                DOI: 10.5888/pcd14.170004
                PMC ID: 5524523
                PubMed ID: 28727545
                SO-VID: d5350d66-f345-44f0-a346-80192b70b1db
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Brief
                Series title: Peer Reviewed

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care

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